In wireless network communication environments, Spectral Efficiency (SE) and Energy Efficiency (EE) are among the major indicators used for evaluating network performance. However, given the high demand for data rate services and the exponential growth of energy consumption, SE and EE continue to elicit increasing attention in academia and industries. Consequently, a study of the trade-off between these metrics is imperative. In contrast with existing works, this study proposes an efficient SE and EE trade-off algorithm for saving energy in downlink Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks to concurrently optimize SE and EE while considering battery life at the Base Station (BS). The scheme is formulated as a Multi-objective Optimization Problem (MOP) and its Pareto optimal solution is examined. In contrast with other algorithms that prolong battery life by considering the idle state of a BS, thereby increasing average delay and energy consumption, the proposed algorithm prolongs battery life by adjusting the initial and final states of a BS to minimize the average delay and the energy consumption. Similarly, the use of an omni-directional antenna to spread radio signals to the user equipment in all directions causes high interference and low spatial reuse. We propose using a directional antenna instead of an omni-directional antenna by transmitting signals in one direction which results in no or low interference and high spatial reuse. The proposed scheme has been extensively evaluated through simulation, where simulation results prove that the proposed scheme is efficiently able to decrease the average response delay, improve SE, and minimize energy consumption.

中文翻译：

---

LTE下行链路中的节能的能量和频谱效率平衡算法

在无线网络通信环境中，频谱效率（SE）和能源效率（EE）是用于评估网络性能的主要指标。但是，由于对数据速率服务的高需求和能源消耗的指数增长，SE和EE继续引起学术界和行业的越来越多的关注。因此，必须研究这些指标之间的取舍。与现有工作相反，本研究提出了一种有效的SE和EE折衷算法，用于在下行长期演进（LTE）网络中节省能源，以在考虑基站（BS）电池寿命的同时优化SE和EE。该方案被表述为一个多目标优化问题（MOP），并研究了其帕累托最优解。与其他通过考虑BS的空闲状态来延长电池寿命，从而增加平均延迟和能量消耗的算法相反，所提出的算法通过调整BS的初始和最终状态以最小化平均延迟和能量来延长电池寿命。消耗。类似地，使用全向天线在所有方向上将无线电信号扩展到用户设备会导致高干扰和低空间复用。我们建议通过在一个方向上传输信号来使用定向天线而不是全向天线，从而不会产生干扰或干扰很小，并且空间复用率很高。通过仿真对提出的方案进行了广泛的评估，仿真结果表明，提出的方案能够有效地减少平均响应延迟，提高SE，