ABSTRACT

Since 1992 World Summit in Rio, Sustainable Development and Biodiversity have been the two main agendas which have been developed to counteract the environmental problems resulting from industrial modernisation. Although these agendas should be complementary, there are tensions between them due to a widespread reluctance towards integration. This is especially problematic in relation to many historical productive cultural landscapes. Clear examples can be found in pastoral areas where the rewilding of historical grazing areas, to achieve a presumed increased biodiversity, conflicts with centuries old stable grazing systems which are managed by local/indigenous polities. These grazing systems are also prized for their diversity and amenity value. An example of how the sustainability and biodiversity agendas can be integrated under the management of local polities is elucidated in this study of the sustainability of sheep grazing on the Faroe Islands regulated by the ancient Nordic ‘skipan’ principle.

摘要

自 1992 年里约世界首脑会议以来，可持续发展和生物多样性已经制定了两个主要议程，以应对工业现代化带来的环境问题。尽管这些议程应该是互补的，但由于普遍不愿整合，它们之间存在紧张关系。这对于许多具有历史意义的生产性文化景观来说尤其成问题。在牧区可以找到明显的例子，为了实现假定的生物多样性增加，重新野化历史放牧区，与由当地/土著政体管理的具有数百年历史的稳定放牧系统发生冲突。这些放牧系统也因其多样性和舒适价值而备受推崇。