Over the past few decades, many studies of corruption have been carried out. These studies have mainly focused on specific aspects of corruption such as economic issues, legal issues, social propositions, national development and economic policy. This study builds a systems thinking model of corruption, which helps in the understanding of corruption and acts as an input into future policymaking on corruption. Data for the qualitative analysis come from 198 interviews (including 43 in-depth interviews) conducted in Pakistan. The main contribution of the study is the increased understanding and insights about issues of values, social aspects, inflation, government size and political norms when considering perceptions of corruption in Pakistan. Some of our key findings, such as the effect of inflation, government size, transparency in international negotiations and the juxtaposition of religious values with corruption, have not been widely discussed in the literature.

中文翻译：

---

巴基斯坦腐败的维度：系统思维方法和定性分析

在过去的几十年里，已经进行了许多关于腐败的研究。这些研究主要集中在腐败的具体方面，如经济问题、法律问题、社会主张、国家发展和经济政策。本研究建立了腐败的系统思维模型，有助于理解腐败，并为未来的腐败政策制定提供参考。定性分析的数据来自在巴基斯坦进行的 198 次访谈（包括 43 次深度访谈）。该研究的主要贡献是在考虑对巴基斯坦腐败的看法时，增加了对价值观、社会方面、通货膨胀、政府规模和政治规范等问题的理解和洞察。我们的一些主要发现，例如通货膨胀的影响、政府规模、