Context is a central construct in the study of performance appraisal (PA) systems, but to date studies linking the distal context within which organizations operate to PA have been limited in two ways. First, these studies have focused predominantly on national culture, and have paid less attention to the legal/political and economic environment within which organizations. Second, few studies reflect the growing international nature of business organizations, which create multiple layers of context (e.g., home and host country context). Drawing on both situational strength and institutional theories, we hypothesize the links between the “big three” facets of distal context (i.e., culture, legal/political, and economic) and the processes and purposes of PA systems. Using data from 472 multinational enterprises (MNEs) in 22 countries, we show that all three facets of the distal context of the host country influence decisions about the conduct of PA systems. In addition, we show that the culture and legal/political systems of the home country from which the MNE originated are also linked to the PA processes and purposes. Finally, we find evidence that MNEs are more likely to develop hybridized PA systems that depart from host country norms.

中文翻译：

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跨国企业的宿主和宿主远端背景与绩效评估：一项 22 个国家的研究

背景是绩效评估 (PA) 系统研究的核心结构，但迄今为止，将组织运作的远端背景与 PA 联系起来的研究在两个方面受到限制。首先，这些研究主要关注民族文化，而较少关注组织所处的法律/政治和经济环境。其次，很少有研究反映商业组织日益增长的国际性质，这创造了多层背景（例如，母国和东道国背景）。借鉴情境强度和制度理论，我们假设远端环境的“三大”方面（即文化、法律/政治和经济）与公共广播系统的过程和目的之间的联系。使用来自 22 个国家的 472 家跨国企业 (MNEs) 的数据，我们表明，东道国远端环境的所有三个方面都会影响有关 PA 系统行为的决策。此外，我们表明，跨国企业起源的母国的文化和法律/政治制度也与 PA 过程和目的有关。最后，我们发现证据表明，跨国公司更有可能开发偏离东道国规范的混合 PA 系统。