Although mountainous regions remained relatively isolated and almost untouched by the Ottoman rule, labor migration connected the inhabitants of these regions to the socioeconomic and political processes in the Ottoman Empire and beyond. Kruševo, a highland village located in present-day North Macedonia, provides an excellent case for understanding these connections. This paper presents systematic evidence from the Ottoman archives to document and analyze the social, economic, and demographic impacts of labor migration during this period. It provides an in-depth analysis of the Ottoman population and tax records of Kruševo in the 1840s, demonstrating the occupational profiles, migration patterns, and family and neighborhood networks of village residents during this period. Based on this analysis, it argues that labor migration was key to the transformation of social, economic, and demographic relations in rural communities and to the integration of even the most remote highland villages with the modernization processes that characterized the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century.

尽管山区仍然相对偏远并且几乎不受奥斯曼帝国的统治，但是劳动力移民将这些地区的居民与奥斯曼帝国及以后的社会经济和政治进程联系起来。克鲁舍沃（Kruševo）是当今北马其顿的一个高地村庄，为理解这些联系提供了一个很好的案例。本文提供了来自奥斯曼档案馆的系统证据，以记录和分析此期间劳动力移民的社会，经济和人口影响。它提供了对1840年代克鲁斯沃（Kruševo）的奥斯曼帝国人口和税收记录的深入分析，展示了此期间村民的职业概况，移民方式以及家庭和邻里网络。根据此分析，