This paper demonstrates that the differing social meanings held by linguistic features can result in an implicational relationship between them. Rates of (h) and (ing) are investigated in the casual speech of sixty-three speakers from a community with Cockney heritage: Debden, Essex. The indexicalities of h-dropping in Debden (signalling Cockney) are superordinate to and incorporate the indexicalities of g-dropping (working-class, “improper”), resulting in an implicational relationship. H-dropping implies g-dropping, but g-dropping can occur independently of h-dropping. This occurs in terms of co-variation at the between-speaker level and clustering effects at the within-speaker level which is measured through a novel approach using the number of phonemes as the denomination of distance. The features’ differing social meaning are also related to rates of change. Young speakers are shifting away from linguistic features which index Cockney heritage (h-dropping; the [-Iŋk] variant of -thing words) in favor of more general, southeastern, working-class norms (g-dropping).

中文翻译：

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共变、风格和社会意义：埃塞克斯郡德布登 (h) 和 (ing) 之间的隐含关系

本文表明，语言特征所具有的不同社会意义可以导致它们之间的隐含关系。费率（H）和(ing)在来自具有伦敦传统的社区的 63 位演讲者的随意演讲中进行了调查：德布登，埃塞克斯。Debden 中的 h-dropping（向 Cockney 发出信号）的索引性高于并结合了 g-dropping（工人阶级，“不当”）的索引性，从而产生了一种暗示关系。H-dropping 意味着 g-dropping，但 g-dropping 可以独立于 h-dropping 发生。这发生在说话人之间水平的协变和说话人内部水平的聚类效应方面，这是通过一种使用音素数量作为距离单位的新方法来测量的。这些特征的不同社会意义也与变化率有关。年轻的演讲者正在远离索引伦敦传统的语言特征（h-dropping；-的[-Iŋk]变体事物词）支持更普遍的东南工人阶级规范（g-dropping）。