Preconditioning is often used in medicine to protect organs from ischemic damage and in athletes to enhance the performances. We tested whether low-dose ammonium preconditioning (AMP) could have a beneficial effect on physical exercises (PE). We used Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET) on a treadmill to investigate the effects of low-dose AMP on the physical exercise capacity of professional track and field athletes and tested twenty-five athletes. Because of the individual differences between athletes, we performed a preliminary treadmill test (Pre-test) and, according to the results, the athletes were randomly allocated into the AMP and control (placebo, PL) group based on the similarity of the total distance covered on a treadmill. In the AMP group, the covered distance increased (11.3 ± 3.6%, p < 0.02) compared to Pre-test. Similarly, AMP significantly increased O₂ uptake volume—VO₂ (4.6 ± 2.3%, p < 0.03) and pulmonary CO₂ output—VCO₂ (8.7 ± 2.8%, p < 0.01). Further, the basic blood parameters (pH, pO₂, and lactate) shift was lower despite the greater physical exercise progress in the AMP group compared to Pre-test, whereas in the placebo group there were no differences between Pre-test and Load-test. Importantly, the AMP significantly increased red blood cell count (6.8 ± 2.0%, p < 0.01) and hemoglobin concentration (5.3 ± 1.9%, p < 0.01), which might explain the beneficial effects in physical exercise progress. For the first time, we showed that low-dose AMP had clear beneficial effects on submaximal PE.

中文翻译：

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低剂量铵盐预处理可增强次最大体育锻炼的耐力

预处理通常在医学中用于保护器官免受缺血性损伤，在运动员中通常用于增强性能。我们测试了低剂量铵盐预处理（AMP）是否对体育锻炼（PE）有有益作用。我们在跑步机上使用了心肺运动测试（CPET），研究了低剂量AMP对专业田径运动员的体育锻炼能力的影响，并测试了25名运动员。由于运动员之间的个体差异，我们进行了初步跑步机测试（Pre-test），并根据结果将运动员根据总距离的相似性随机分为AMP组和对照组（安慰剂，PL）在跑步机上覆盖。在AMP组中，覆盖距离增加（11.3±3.6％，p<0.02）与预测试相比。同样，AMP显着增加了O ₂摄取量-VO ₂（4.6±2.3％，p <0.03）和肺部CO ₂输出-VCO ₂（8.7±2.8％，p <0.01）。此外，尽管AMP组的体育锻炼进度比预测试时大，但基本血液参数（pH，pO ₂和乳酸盐）的变化却较低，而在安慰剂组中，预测试和负重测试之间没有差异测试。重要的是，AMP显着增加了红细胞计数（6.8±2.0％，p <0.01）和血红蛋白浓度（5.3±1.9％，p<0.01），这可能解释了体育锻炼进展的有益作用。我们首次表明，低剂量AMP对次最大PE具有明显的有益作用。