Background: Metamemory training (MMT) is a useful training strategy for improving cognitive functioning in the older adult population. Despite the advantages, there are limitations imposed by location and time constraints. Objective: This study aimed to develop a smart speaker–based MMT program and evaluate the efficacy of the program in older adults without cognitive impairment. Methods: This study used a case-control cohort design. The smart speaker–based MMT program comprised 3 training sessions per day, 5 days a week, for 8 weeks. Each training session took approximately 15 minutes. This program was implemented using smart speakers, not human trainers. All participants completed the Mini-Mental State Examination, Subjective Memory Complaints Questionnaire, Verbal Learning Test, Digit Span Test, fluency tests, and a short-form version of the Geriatric Depression Scale before and after training. Results: A total of 60 subjects (29 in the MMT group and 31 in the control group) participated in the study. The training group showed significant increases in the delayed free recall, digit span forward, digit span backward, and fluency test scores compared with the control group. Conclusions: This study confirmed the efficacy of smart speaker–based MMT in older adults. Home-based smart speaker–based MMT is not limited with respect to location or constrained by space and may help older adults with subjective cognitive decline without requiring intervention by human professionals.

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中文翻译：

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基于智能说话者的元记忆训练在老年人中的功效：病例对照队列研究

背景：元记忆训练（MMT）是提高老年人口认知功能的有用训练策略。尽管有这些优点，但位置和时间限制仍然存在一些限制。目的：本研究旨在开发基于智能说话者的MMT程序，并评估该程序对无认知障碍的老年人的疗效。方法：本研究采用病例对照队列设计。基于智能说话者的MMT计划包括每天3次培训，每周5天，共8周。每次培训大约需要15分钟。该程序是使用智能扬声器而不是人工教练实施的。所有参与者都完成了迷你精神状态考试，主观记忆投诉问卷，语言学习测验，数字跨度测验，流利度测验，以及训练前后的老年抑郁量表的简短版本。结果：总共60名受试者（MMT组29名，对照组31名）参加了研究。与对照组相比，训练组的延迟自由召回，手指向前跨度，手指向后跨度和流利度测试得分显着提高。结论：这项研究证实了基于智能说话者的MMT对老年人的疗效。基于家庭的基于智能说话者的MMT不受位置限制或受空间限制，并且可以帮助老年人具有主观认知下降的功能，而无需人类专业人员的干预。与对照组相比，训练组的延迟自由召回，手指向前跨度，手指向后跨度和流利度测试得分显着提高。结论：这项研究证实了基于智能说话者的MMT对老年人的疗效。基于家庭的基于智能说话者的MMT不受位置限制或受空间限制，并且可以帮助老年人具有主观认知下降的功能，而无需人类专业人员的干预。与对照组相比，训练组的延迟自由召回，手指向前跨度，手指向后跨度和流利度测试得分显着提高。结论：这项研究证实了基于智能说话者的MMT对老年人的疗效。基于家庭的基于智能说话者的MMT不受位置限制或受空间限制，并且可以帮助老年人具有主观认知下降的功能，而无需人类专业人员的干预。

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