Parental input shapes youth self-regulation development, and a lack of sensitive caregiving is a risk factor for youth mental health problems. Parents may shape youth regulation through their influence over biological (including neural) and behavioral development during childhood at both micro (moment-to-moment) and macro (global) levels. Prior studies have shown that micro-level parent-child interactions shape youth's biology contributing to youth mental health. However, it remains unclear whether prior disrupted/absent care affects those moment-to-moment parent-youth interactions in ways that increase risk for youth psychopathology. In the current study, we calculated transfer entropy on cardiac data from parent-youth dyads where the youth had either been exposed to disrupted care prior to adoption or not. Transfer Entropy (TE) tracks information flow between two signals, enhancing quantification of directional coupling, allowing for the examination of parent-child and child-parent influences. Using this novel approach, we identified lower cardiac information transfer from youth-to-parents in dyads where the youth had been exposed to disrupted/absent early care. Moreover we showed that the degree to which the parent's physiology changed in response to youth's physiology was negatively related to the youth's mental health, representing a potential pathway for elevated mental health risk in populations exposed to disrupted/absent early care.

中文翻译：

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早期护理中断/缺失后，儿童与父母之间的心脏转移减少

父母的意见塑造了青少年自我调节的发展，缺乏敏感的照顾是青少年心理健康问题的风险因素。父母可以通过他们对儿童时期的生物学（包括神经）和行为发展在微观（时刻）和宏观（全局）层面的影响来塑造青少年监管。先前的研究表明，微观层面的亲子互动塑造了青少年的生物学，有助于青少年的心理健康。然而，目前尚不清楚先前中断/缺席的护理是否会以增加青少年精神病理学风险的方式影响父母与青少年的即时互动。在当前的研究中，我们计算了来自父母-青少年二元组的心脏数据的转移熵，其中青少年在收养之前是否受到过中断的护理。传输熵 (TE) 跟踪两个信号之间的信息流，增强了定向耦合的量化，从而可以检查父子和子父影响。使用这种新颖的方法，我们发现在青少年暴露于中断/缺乏早期护理的二元组中，从青少年到父母的心脏信息传递较低。此外，我们还表明，父母的生理变化对青少年生理的反应程度与青少年的心理健康呈负相关，这代表了暴露于早期护理中断/缺失的人群中心理健康风险升高的潜在途径。我们发现在青少年受到中断/缺乏早期护理的二元组中，从青少年到父母的心脏信息传递较低。此外，我们还表明，父母的生理变化对青少年生理的反应程度与青少年的心理健康呈负相关，这代表了暴露于早期护理中断/缺失的人群中心理健康风险升高的潜在途径。我们发现在青少年受到中断/缺乏早期护理的二元组中，从青少年到父母的心脏信息传递较低。此外，我们还表明，父母的生理变化对青少年生理的反应程度与青少年的心理健康呈负相关，这代表了暴露于早期护理中断/缺失的人群中心理健康风险升高的潜在途径。