In 2018 all of Leonardo's drawings and manuscripts belonging to the Biblioteca Reale di Torino were moved to ICRCPAL for a complete scientific characterisation in preparation for the celebrations of the 500th anniversary of the artist's death. Except for the famous Autoritratto that was already studied twice in this manner (2012, 2015), the other drawings and documents had never been subjected to scientific investigations. This paper reports the results of the non-destructive analysis of two drawings: Studi di gambe virili and Autoritratto. The use of three complementary techniques, namely macro-X Ray Fluorescence (MA-XRF), μ-Raman spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), that have different penetration into the material, allowed for the complete chemical characterisation of the artworks. The analyses evidenced the artist's versatility and his mastery in the use of metal points, even unusual ones, such as the pure copper-point described in literature but never previously revealed in Leonardo's drawings and, to the knowledge of the authors, also in other artists of the 15th century. MA-XRF also showed the presence of pentimenti in the Studi di gambe virili and highlighted that the Autoritratto was drawn without a metal point preparatory sketch. AFM topographies also revealed that the Autoritratto urgently requires chemical stabilisation. The data collected underline the need to reconsider and reassess the historic-artistic descriptions of the drawings and that further investigation of other works by Leonardo is necessary to obtain more information supported by scientific studies on the artist's techniques and materials.

中文翻译：

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两幅列奥纳多·达·芬奇 (Leonardo da Vinci) 图纸上的互补 MA-XRF 和 μ-拉曼结果

2018 年，列奥纳多所有属于都灵皇家图书馆的绘画和手稿被转移到红十字国际委员会进行完整的科学鉴定，为艺术家逝世 500 周年的庆祝活动做准备。除了著名的Autoritratto已经以这种方式研究过两次（2012 年、2015 年），其他图纸和文件从未经过科学调查。本文报告了两种图纸的无损分析结果：Studi di gambe virili和Autoritratto。使用三种互补技术，即宏观 X 射线荧光 (MA-XRF)、μ- 拉曼光谱和原子力显微镜 (AFM) 对材料具有不同的渗透性，可以对艺术品进行完整的化学表征。这些分析证明了这位艺术家的多才多艺和他对金属尖头使用的精通，甚至是不寻常的尖头，例如文献中描述的纯铜尖头，但以前从未在列奥纳多的画作中出现过，据作者所知，在其他艺术家中也没有出现过15 世纪。MA-XRF 还显示了Studi di gambe virili 中存在pentimenti，并强调了Autoritratto是在没有金属点准备草图的情况下绘制的。AFM 地形图还显示Autoritratto迫切需要化学稳定。收集到的数据强调需要重新考虑和重新评估图纸的历史艺术描述，并且有必要对列奥纳多的其他作品进行进一步调查，以获得更多由艺术家技术和材料的科学研究支持的信息。