An original multiscale friction analysis is developed to characterize the interfacial friction phenomena during the hot forging contact conditions in the manufacture of wheels for the railway industry. Hot upsetting sliding tests and roll-on-disc tests are performed to reproduce tribological conditions at meso and micro-scale.

Crushed and embedded oxides are found to be present on the sample's surfaces. Stick-slip phenomena occur in the roll-on-disc tests due to accumulation of the crushed oxides. This transform the interfacial contact conditions from a lubricant/oxide configuration to an oxide/oxide condition. Microanalysis measurements on the specimen's wear tracks clearly show that the lubricant layer is broken down and transferred from the tool to the specimen surface by means of the accumulated oxide particles.

开发了一种原始的多尺度摩擦分析，以表征铁路工业车轮制造中热锻接触条件下的界面摩擦现象。进行热up锻滑动测试和圆盘滚动测试，以中观和微观尺度再现摩擦学条件。

发现碎屑和嵌入的氧化物存在于样品表面。由于压碎的氧化物的积累，在圆盘测试中会出现粘滑现象。这将界面接触条件从润滑剂/氧化物构型转变成氧化物/氧化物条件。在样品磨损轨迹上进行的微分析测量清楚地表明，润滑剂层已经分解，并通过积累的氧化物颗粒从工具转移到样品表面。