This review evaluates the sustainability of tomato production in four greenhouse systems: high-tech (The Netherlands) and low-tech (Spain) combined with two ways of cultivation (conventional or organic). The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), as defined by the United Nations, were used as a lens to assess the sustainability of these four greenhouse production systems. In total seven SDGs, including 14 targets, were assessed through 12 quantitative and two descriptive indicators. Conventional, high-tech greenhouse systems showed the greatest potential for positive contributions towards four of the SDGs. However, their relatively high energy use makes it difficult to achieve SDG7 on affordable and clean energy, where low-tech systems perform better due to lower energy use from relatively cleaner sources. Lower water use efficiency and higher nutrient losses in all soil-based cultivation systems are barriers to achieving some targets under most of the selected SDGs. Organic cultivation systems showed relatively high water and land use, based on the limited data available. Our review highlights the existence of substantial synergies, but also considerable trade-offs between SDGs. This needs to be considered when making policy, investment and management decisions related to greenhouse production.

这篇评论评估了四种温室系统中番茄生产的可持续性：高科技（荷兰）和低技术（西班牙）结合两种栽培方式（常规或有机）。联合国定义的可持续发展目标（SDG）被用作评估这四个温室生产系统可持续性的镜头。通过12个定量指标和2个描述性指标对总共7个SDG（包括14个目标）进行了评估。传统的高科技温室系统显示出对四个可持续发展目标做出积极贡献的最大潜力。但是，它们相对较高的能源使用量，难以在负担得起的清洁能源上实现SDG7，因为相对较清洁的能源消耗较低，低技术系统的性能更好。在所有基于土壤的耕作系统中，较低的用水效率和较高的养分流失是在大多数选定的可持续发展目标下实现某些目标的障碍。根据现有的有限数据，有机耕作系统显示出较高的水和土地利用量。我们的评论强调了巨大的协同作用，但也存在可持续发展目标之间的重大折衷。在制定与温室生产有关的政策，投资和管理决策时，必须考虑到这一点。