Although self-compassion has been extensively studied in the recent decades, the representation of self-compassion as a unitary measure or the presence of self-warmth (i.e., presence of the positive components: self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness) and self-coldness (i.e., presence of the negative components: self-judgment, isolation, and mindfulness) remains controversial. Moreover, the differential effects of the six components of self-compassion on mental well-being and psychological distress have not been systematically investigated. To synthesize the differential effects of the six components of self-compassion and to examine how people in different cultures may associate the positive and negative components of self-compassion differentially, the present meta-analysis synthesized 183 effect sizes across 27 cultures. Results showed that the negative components of self-compassion (rs = 0.44 to 0.45) showed greater effect sizes with psychological distress than the positive counterparts (rs = −0.17 to −0.29) whereas the positive components of SCS (rs = 0.29 to.39) showed greater effect sizes with mental well-being than the negative counterparts (rs = −0.29 to −0.36), with the exception of common humanity and isolation (r = 0.29 and − 0.36). Cultural orientation of dialecticism moderated the association between the positive and the negative components of self-compassion, with dialectical cultures showing lower associations between the two opposing components. Findings have implications on the design and implementation of self-compassion interventions cross-culturally.

尽管近几十年来对自我慈悲进行了广泛的研究，但将自我慈悲作为一种统一的衡量标准或自我温暖的存在（即积极成分的存在：自我友善、共同人性和正念）和自我冷淡（即存在负面因素：自我判断、孤立和正念）仍然存在争议。此外，尚未系统地研究自我同情的六个组成部分对心理健康和心理困扰的不同影响。为了综合自我同情的六个组成部分的不同影响，并检查不同文化中的人们如何将自我同情的积极和消极成分不同地联系起来，本荟萃分析综合了 27 种文化的 183 种影响大小。rs  = 0.44 到 0.45) 显示出比积极对应物更大的心理困扰效应量 ( rs  = -0.17 到 -0.29) 而 SCS 的积极成分 ( rs  = 0.29 到.39) 显示出比心理健康更大的效应量负对应物（rs  = -0.29 到 -0.36），除了共同的人性和孤立（r  = 0.29 和 - 0.36）。辩证法的文化取向调节了自我同情的积极和消极成分之间的关​​联，辩证文化显示两个对立成分之间的关​​联较低。研究结果对跨文化自我同情干预的设计和实施有影响。