Although the Passivhaus design is rapidly spreading worldwide, limited studies have examined its actual performance during operation. This study used Australia's first student accommodation built to the Passivhaus standard as a case study to assess the gaps between design prediction and in situ performance. Passivhaus criteria, supplemented with the adaptive thermal comfort approach, were applied to evaluate the discrepancies between design predictions and measurements. This year-long study discovered significant gaps in three indicators, including primary energy renewable, overheating frequency, and space heating energy demand. The simulation was over-optimistic in the first two indicators but conservative in the last. The discrepancies were mainly caused by the default assumptions and inherent restrictions of the simulation platform. Improvements can be achieved by incorporating more advanced datasets for the estimation of appliance energy use, improving the feedback process from measurements to the simulation tool and developing a more integrated simulation package. The results of this study contribute toward a deeper understanding of the magnitude, causes, and solutions of performance gaps between design and operation stages for large Passivhaus projects.

尽管Passivhaus设计在世界范围内迅速普及，但有限的研究已经检查了其在运行过程中的实际性能。这项研究以澳大利亚首个按照Passivhaus标准建造的学生宿舍为案例研究，评估了设计预测与现场设计之间的差距表现。采用Passivhaus标准以及自适应热舒适性方法，以评估设计预测与测量之间的差异。这项为期一年的研究发现了三个指标之间的巨大差距，其中包括可再生一次能源，过热频率和空间供暖能源需求。在前两个指标中，模拟过分乐观，而在最后一个指标中，则较为保守。差异主要是由默认假设和模拟平台的固有限制引起的。可以通过合并更高级的数据集（用于估计设备能源使用），改进从测量到仿真工具的反馈过程以及开发更集成的仿真程序包来实现改进。