Truffles are ectomycorrhizal species forming edible ascocarps. The Italian white truffle (Tuber magnatum Pico) is the most famous and expensive species harvested to date; it comes exclusively from natural habitats in European countries. The annual production of T. magnatum is generally insufficient to respond to the high demands making its cultivation a research hotspot. The first attempt to cultivate T. magnatum started in the 1970s without success; only recently have mycorrhized plants been successfully produced. The aims of this study were (1) to assess the persistence of T. magnatum in the soil of plantations realized with mycorrhized plants and (2) to characterize the first T. magnatum orchard that produced ascocarps outside the known natural geographic range of this species. In 2018, five orchards were sampled in France, and T. magnatum was investigated in the soil. We confirmed that T. magnatum survived in the soil 3 to 8 years after planting. The key finding of this study was the harvest of T. magnatum ascocarps in 2019 and 2020 from one orchard. The production of ascocarps started 4.5 years after planting, and the ascocarps were harvested under different trees and during two consecutive seasons. A detailed analysis of the productive orchards (i.e., soil features, soil water availability, cultivation techniques) is presented. These results demonstrate the feasibility of T. magnatum cultivation worldwide by planting mycorrhized plants. The cultivation of T. magnatum could therefore become a real opportunity for farmers and could respond to the high demand of this high-priced food.

松露是外生菌根种类，形成可食用的果皮。意大利白松露（Tuber magnatum  Pico）是迄今为止最著名和最昂贵的物种。它完全来自欧洲国家的自然栖息地。魔芋的年产量通常不足以应对高需求，使其成为研究热点。最早的栽培T. magnatum的尝试始于1970年代，但没有成功。直到最近才成功生产出已菌根的植物。这项研究的目的是（1）评估菌根植物在人工林土壤中的T. magnatum持久性，以及（2）表征第一个T. magnatum果园的果皮产量超出了该物种的已知自然地理范围。2018年，在法国对五个果园进行了采样，并在土壤中研究了巨大的T.magnatum。我们证实，在种植后3至8年，T。magnatum在土壤中存活。这项研究的主要发现是2019年和2020年从一个果园收获了T. magnatum ascocarps。种植后4.5年开始生产阿斯卡普果，并在两个连续的季节里收获了不同树种的阿斯卡普果。提出了对生产性果园的详细分析（即土壤特征，土壤水分利用率，耕作技术）。这些结果证明了T. magnatum的可行性通过种植菌根植物在全球范围内进行栽培。因此，巨大的T. magnatum种植可能成为农民的真正机会，并且可以应对这种高价食品的高需求。