Increased political measures to protect the marine environment addresses a shipping industry characterised by strained financial resources, excess supply of capacity and consolidation. In addition, 5-15 per cent of industry participants are believed by shipping experts to neglect rules on vessel-source pollution to stay competitive within their industry and vis-a-vis other transport modes. This study aims to identify and quantify cost effects of maritime environmental legislation, to relate these with company characteristics and to investigate the impact of regulatory compliance.,A mixed-methods design was used to develop both a theoretical model of compliance costs effects and to quantify effect sizes. In total, 12 in-depth exploratory expert interviews were conducted and analysed. A theoretical framework emerged, which was evaluated, strengthened and fed with quantitative data from questionnaire data by 120 shipping companies. Partial least squares analysis was conducted to determine compliance cost effects.,It was found that organisational capacities played a significant role in determining compliance behaviour. Exterior determinants showed no significant correlation with legal compliance. This is a striking result, as it does not support achieving legal compliance with measures of strong enforcement.,European transport policy-making depends on scientifically sound studies on the impact of policy. An in-depth impact assessment on environmental legislation for the maritime industry highlights mechanisms applicable to environmental policy-making in transport and helps in building policy that considers compliance concerns, company characteristics and the interconnectedness of different transport modes for a sound response to the tragedy of the commons.,Originality lies in the inductive development of a comprehensive theory on shipping companies’ legal compliance behaviour and the empirical testing of this theory. Further value is derived from applying a sequential mixed-methods approach to the research problem, showing both the worth and challenge in combining different methodologies to achieve sound research results.

中文翻译：

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遵守规则吗？

越来越多的保护海洋环境的政治措施针对航运业，其特点是财政资源紧张，运力过剩和整合。此外，航运专家认为，有5-15％的行业参与者忽略了有关船源污染的规则，以保持其行业内以及与其他运输方式的竞争优势。这项研究旨在识别和量化海洋环境立法的成本效应，将其与公司特征相关联，并研究法规遵从性的影响。采用混合方法设计来开发法规遵从性成本效应的理论模型并进行量化效果大小。总共进行了12次深入的探索性专家访谈并进行了分析。出现了一个理论框架，并对其进行了评估，加强了120家船运公司的问卷调查数据并提供了定量数据。进行了偏最小二乘分析以确定合规成本效应。发现组织能力在确定合规行为方面起着重要作用。外部决定因素与法律合规性没有显着相关性。这是一个惊人的结果，因为它不支持实现法律对强力执行措施的遵守。欧洲运输政策的制定取决于对政策影响的科学可靠研究。针对海运行业环境立法的深入影响评估重点介绍了适用于运输业环境决策的机制，并有助于制定考虑到合规性问题的政策，公司特征以及不同运输方式的相互联系，以对公地的悲剧做出良好的反应。原始性在于对航运公司法律合规行为的综合理论的归纳发展和对该理论的实证检验。通过将顺序混合方法应用于研究问题，可以进一步获得价值，这表明在组合不同的方法以实现良好的研究结果时既有价值又面临挑战。