Because procurement policies are one of the means of redressing discrimination and economic exclusion, the US Government has targeted 23 per cent of its annual half-trillion dollar spend to small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and 5 per cent of its spend to women-owned businesses.,The research framework is informed by two theoretical paradigms, feminist empiricism and entrepreneurial feminism, and uses a secondary analysis of survey data of active federal contractors.,Empirical findings inform the extent to which certifications are associated with bid frequency and bid success. The results indicate that none of the various certifications increase either bid frequency or bid success. The findings are consistent with entrepreneurial feminism and call for federal accountability in contracting with women-owned supplier firms.,The findings are consistent with entrepreneurial feminism and call for federal accountability in contracting with women-owned supplier firms.,Recommendations include the need to review the impact of consolidated tenders on designated (as certified) SME vendors and to train procurement personnel about the economic contributions of women-owned businesses.,This research studies the efficacy of various certifications, with particular reference to that of women-owned, on the frequency with which SMEs bid on, and succeed in obtaining, US federal procurement contracts.

中文翻译：

---

美国基于性别的联邦采购政策的效力

由于采购政策是纠正歧视和经济排斥的手段之一，因此美国政府已将其每年五万亿美元支出中的23％用于中小企业，将5％的支出用于中小型企业。妇女拥有的企业。该研究框架以女权主义的经验主义和企业家女权主义这两种理论范式为基础，并使用了对活跃的联邦承包商的调查数据的二次分析。经验发现可证明认证与竞标频率和竞标频率之间的关联程度。竞标成功。结果表明，各种认证均未增加投标频率或投标成功率。这些发现与企业家女性主义相吻合，并呼吁联邦政府与女性拥有的供应商公司签约。