Abstract:In the twentieth century, traditional practices and popular culture in Chile went into decline. The situation was compounded by the fact that in the plastic arts, there was already an established hierarchy in which art based on traditional culture and crafts (artesanía) occupied a subordinate position. The Chilean artist and folklorist Violeta Parra sought to disrupt this paradigm. In this article I explore the way Parra sought to defend popular culture through her visual art by creating paintings that were based on traditional culture but were also extremely modern. There is a paradox inherent in the modernism of Violeta Parra's art and the way it sought to reposition popular culture. On the one hand, Parra's work was indigenous. It counteracted the demise of traditional culture that was brought about by modernism. On the other hand, her work was utterly hybrid. Violeta Parra's art enacted a revival of traditional culture through the fusion of a modernist aesthetics with motifs and narratives from Chilean popular culture. To explore the way Parra sought to redefine popular culture, I deconstruct the subjects and visual syntax of the paintings Machitún, Las tres Pascualas, and Casamiento de negros. I look at the resonance of her work, which arises from the popular subjects she presents and the way her work disrupts hierarchies in the field of cultural production.

中文翻译：

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重新定位大众：Violeta Parra的绘画Machitún，Las tres Pascualas和Casamiento de negros的混合美学

摘要：在20世纪，智利的传统习俗和大众文化开始衰落。情况变得更加复杂，因为在造型艺术中，已经建立了一个既定的等级制度，其中基于传统文化和手工艺的艺术（artesanía）占据了从属地位。智利艺术家和民俗学家Violeta Parra试图破坏这种范式。在本文中，我探讨了帕拉（Parra）通过创作基于传统文化但又极现代的绘画来通过视觉艺术捍卫大众文化的方式。薇奥莱塔·帕拉（Violeta Parra）的艺术及其寻求重新定位大众文化的方式的现代主义存在着内在的悖论。一方面，帕拉的作品是本土的。它抵消了现代主义带来的传统文化的灭亡。另一方面，她的工作完全是混合的。维奥莱塔·帕拉（Violeta Parra）的艺术通过将现代主义美学与智利流行文化的图案和叙事相融合，实现了传统文化的复兴。为了探索帕拉（Parra）重新定义大众文化的方式，我解构了Machitún，Las tres Pascualas和Casamiento de negros绘画的主题和视觉语法。我看着她的作品引起的共鸣，这是她提出的热门主题以及她的作品破坏文化生产领域的等级制度的方式所引起的。我解构了Machitún，Las tres Pascualas和Casamiento de negros绘画的主题和视觉语法。我看着她的作品引起的共鸣，这是她提出的热门主题以及她的作品破坏文化生产领域的等级制度的方式所引起的。我解构了Machitún，Las tres Pascualas和Casamiento de negros绘画的主题和视觉语法。我看着她的作品引起的共鸣，这是她提出的热门主题以及她的作品破坏文化生产领域的等级制度的方式所引起的。