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An Indian Quasi-Fregean Theory of Number
Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2019-03-18 , DOI: 10.1007/s40647-019-00254-6
Eberhard Guhe

A very interesting account of the reference of number words in classical Indian philosophy was given by Maheśa Chandra (1836–1906) in his Brief Notes on the Modern Nyāya System of Philosophy and its Technical Terms (BN), a primer on Navya-Nyāya terminology and doctrines. Despite its English title, BN is a Sanskrit work. The section on “number” (saṃkhyā) provides an exposition of a theory of number which can account for both the adjectival and the substantival use of number words in Sanskrit. According to D. H. H. Ingalls (1916–1999), some ideas about the reference of number words in BN are close to the Frege–Russell theory of natural number. Ingalls’s comparison refers to a concept of number in Navya-Nyāya which is related to the things numbered via the so-called “circumtaining relation” (paryāpti). Although there is no theory of sets in Navya-Nyāya, Navya-Naiyāyikas do have a realist theory of properties (dharma) and their theory of number is a theory of properties as constituents of empirical reality, anchored to their system of ontological categories. As shown by George Bealer, properties can serve the same purpose as sets in the Frege–Russell theory of natural number. In the present paper, we attempt a formal reconstruction of Maheśa Chandra’s exposition of the Navya-Nyāya theory of number, which accounts for its affinity to George Bealer’s neo-Fregean analysis. As part of our appraisal of the momentousness and robustness of the “circumtaining” concept of number, we show that it can be cast into a precise recursive definition of natural number and we prove property versions of Peano’s axioms from this definition.

中文翻译:

印度准弗雷西数论

MaheśaChandra(1836–1906)在他的《关于现代Nyāya哲学体系及其技术术语(BN)的简短注释》中,对海军印第安纳术语的初学者进行了非常有趣的说明,他提到了印度古典哲学中的数字单词。和学说。尽管其英文名称,BN还是梵文作品。关于“数”(saṃkhyā)的部分提供了数论的解释,该数论既可以解释梵语中数字词的形容词用法又可以指代其替代用法。根据DHH Ingalls(1916–1999)的说法,有关BN中数字词的引用的某些观点与Frege–Russell自然数论相近。Ingalls的比较是指在Navya-Nyāya中的数字概念,该概念与通过所谓的“环境关系”(paryāpti)进行编号的事物有关。尽管在Navya-Nyāya中没有集合论,但Navya-Naiyāyikas确实有一种现实主义的属性理论(佛法),其数论是作为经验现实成分的属性理论,并以其本体论体系为基础。正如乔治·比勒(George Bealer)所展示的,性质可以与弗雷格-罗素自然数论中的集合起到相同的作用。在本文中,我们尝试正式重建马埃希亚·钱德拉(MaheśaChandra)对“海军”-“尼亚亚”数论的解释,这说明了它与乔治·比拉尔(George Bealer)的新北欧分析相近的原因。在评估“环环相扣”的数字的重要性和鲁棒性的过程中,我们表明可以将其转化为自然数的精确递归定义,并从该定义证明Peano公理的属性版本。Navya-Naiyāyikas确实有一种现实主义的属性理论(佛法),其数论是一种作为经验现实成分的属性理论,并以其本体论体系为基础。正如乔治·比勒(George Bealer)所展示的,性质可以与弗雷格-罗素自然数论中的集合起到相同的作用。在本文中,我们尝试正式重建马埃希亚·钱德拉(MaheśaChandra)对“海军”-“尼亚亚”数论的解释,这说明了它与乔治·比拉尔(George Bealer)的新北欧分析相近的原因。在评估“环环相扣”的数字的重要性和鲁棒性的过程中,我们表明可以将其转化为自然数的精确递归定义,并从该定义证明Peano公理的属性版本。Navya-Naiyāyikas确实有一种现实主义的属性理论(佛法),其数论是一种作为经验现实成分的属性理论,并以其本体论体系为基础。正如乔治·比勒(George Bealer)所展示的,性质可以与弗雷格-罗素自然数论中的集合起到相同的作用。在本文中,我们尝试正式重建马埃希亚·钱德拉(MaheśaChandra)对“海军”-“尼亚亚”数论的解释,这说明了它与乔治·比拉尔(George Bealer)的新北欧分析相近的原因。在评估“环环相扣”的数字的重要性和鲁棒性的过程中,我们表明可以将其转化为自然数的精确递归定义,并从该定义证明Peano公理的属性版本。
更新日期:2019-03-18
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