Most representations of Tezcatlipoca, the supreme sorcerer of Late Postclassic central Mexico, come from the codices of the Mixteca-Puebla tradition. This important deity was also represented, however, in statues, wall paintings, bas-reliefs, as well as head-shaped ceramic pieces, the latter of which are little-known and poorly studied. In this study, we offer a detailed analysis of one of the best examples of Tezcatlipoca head-shaped ceramic pieces sheltered in the Bilimek Collection at the Weltmuseum in Vienna. We compare the Tezcatlipoca effigy head of Vienna with similar pieces from the Colección Fundación Televisa in Mexico City, the Museo Regional de Cholula, and the Museo del Valle de Tehuacán, all representations being fine examples of the Eastern Nahua artistic tradition. The similarity between the iconography on the Tezcatlipoca pedestal in Vienna and the murals of Ocotelulco and Tizatlan, Tlaxcala, are particularly striking, sharing representations of skulls, hands, and a motif we have identified as a mirror. We also analyze in detail the links between the iconography of Tezcatlipoca with that of the Macuiltonaleque. Finally, we propose the possibility of a ritual use of these ceramic vessels, associated with the ingestion of pulque in the framework of a Tezcatlipoca drinking cult.

中文翻译：

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来自维也纳 BILIMEK 收藏的 TEZCATLIPOCA 肖像

墨西哥中部晚期后古典时期的最高巫师 Tezcatlipoca 的大多数代表作品都来自 Mixteca-Puebla 传统的抄本。然而，这个重要的神也出现在雕像、壁画、浅浮雕以及头形陶瓷件中，后者鲜为人知且研究甚少。在这项研究中，我们详细分析了收藏在维也纳世界博物馆的 Bilimek 收藏中的 Tezcatlipoca 头形陶瓷件的最佳示例之一。我们将维也纳的 Tezcatlipoca 肖像头像与墨西哥城的 Colección Fundación Televisa、Museo Regional de Cholula 和 Museo del Valle de Tehuacán 的类似作品进行了比较，所有这些都是东纳瓦艺术传统的典范。维也纳 Tezcatlipoca 基座上的图像与特拉斯卡拉的 Ocotelulco 和 Tizatlan 的壁画之间的相似性特别引人注目，它们共享头骨、手和我们已确定为镜子的图案。我们还详细分析了 Tezcatlipoca 肖像与 Macuiltonaleque 肖像之间的联系。最后，我们提出了在仪式上使用这些陶瓷器皿的可能性，与在 Tezcatlipoca 饮酒崇拜的框架内摄入 pulque 有关。