Coupler jack-knifing and derailment of slave control locomotives in 20,000-tonne heavy-haul trains usually occur due to the combinations of large in-train forces with poor track conditions. This paper presents an experimental investigation on the dynamic performance of slave control locomotive couplers in 20,000-tonne heavy-haul trains. A field test method for measuring and monitoring the dynamic behavior of heavy-haul locomotive couplers is proposed. The on-track tests involved coupler forces, coupler yaw angles, and coupler dynamic motion monitoring of the test locomotive in the whole traveling process. The dynamic process of coupler jack-knifing is exhibited, and the distribution characteristics of the coupler forces and yaw angles are investigated. The test results indicate that the front and rear couplers of the slave locomotive group respectively suffer the largest draw (tensile) and buffing (compressive) forces, and the maximum yaw angle appears at the middle coupler between the slave locomotives. The maximum draw and buffing forces attain 1551 kN and 2067 kN, respectively. The maximum absolute yaw angle is about 13 degrees. During the cycle braking operation conditions, the intense buffing forces and the excessive coupler yaw angles are more likely to appear in the release process. The coupler instability generally occurs under train run in buffing forces. Moreover, the coupler status, the track conditions as well as the duration of buffing forces are also supposed to have an important effect on the coupler stability of slave control locomotives.

在20,000吨重载列车中，从动控制机车的联轴器千斤顶刮擦和脱轨通常是由于大的车内力和不良的履带条件共同作用造成的。本文对2万吨重载列车的从属控制机车耦合器的动态性能进行了实验研究。提出了一种测量和监控重型机车耦合器动态特性的现场测试方法。现场测试涉及在整个行驶过程中测试机车的耦合器力，耦合器偏航角和耦合器动态运动监控。展示了耦合器千斤顶的动态加工过程，研究了耦合器力和偏航角的分布特性。试验结果表明，从机车组的前后耦合器分别承受最大的拉力（拉力）和抛光（压缩）力，并且最大的偏航角出现在从机车之间的中间耦合器上。最大拉力和抛光力分别达到1551 kN和2067 kN。最大绝对偏航角约为13度。在循环制动操作条件下，释放过程中很可能会出现强烈的抛光力和过大的联轴器偏航角。耦合器的不稳定性通常发生在抛光力作用下的列车运行中。而且，耦合器的状态，轨道状况以及抛光力的持续时间也被认为对从控制机车的耦合器的稳定性有重要影响。