We aimed to investigate changes in pulmonary function and computed tomography (CT) findings in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the recovery period. COVID-19 patients underwent symptom assessment, pulmonary function tests, and high-resolution chest CT 6 months after discharge from the hospital. Of the 54 patients enrolled, 31 and 23 were in the moderate and severe group, respectively. The main symptoms 6 months after discharge were fatigue and exertional dyspnea, experienced by 24.1% and 18.5% of patients, respectively, followed by smell and taste dysfunction (9.3%) and cough (5.6%). One patient dropped out of the pulmonary function tests. Of the remaining 54 patients, 41.5% had pulmonary dysfunction. Specifically, 7.5% presented with restrictive ventilatory dysfunction (forced vital capacity <80% of the predicted value), 18.9% presented with small airway dysfunction, and 32.1% presented with pulmonary diffusion impairment (diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide <80% of the predicted value). Of the 54 patients enrolled, six patients dropped out of the chest CT tests. Eleven of the remaining 48 patients presented with abnormal lung CT findings 6 months after discharge. Patients with residual lung lesions were more common in the severe group (52.6%) than in the moderate group (3.4%); a higher proportion of patients had involvement of both lungs (42.1% vs. 3.4%) in the severe group. The residual lung lesions were mainly ground-glass opacities (20.8%) and linear opacities (14.6%). Semiquantitative visual scoring of the CT findings revealed significantly higher scores in the left, right, and both lungs in the severe group than in the moderate group. COVID-19 patients 6 months after discharge mostly presented with fatigue and exertional dyspnea, and their pulmonary dysfunction was mostly characterized by pulmonary diffusion impairment. As revealed by chest CT, the severe group had a higher prevalence of residual lesions than the moderate group, and the residual lesions mostly manifested as ground-glass opacities and linear opacities.

中文翻译：

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冠状病毒病患者出院后6个月肺功能和胸部计算机断层扫描的随访研究2019

我们旨在调查在康复期间患有冠状病毒病2019（COVID-19）的患者的肺功能变化和计算机断层扫描（CT）结果。出院6个月后，COVID-19患者接受了症状评估，肺功能检查和高分辨率胸部CT检查。在纳入的54位患者中，分别有31位和23位属于中度和重度组。出院后6个月的主要症状是疲劳和劳力性呼吸困难，分别有24.1％和18.5％的患者经历，其次是嗅觉和味觉功能障碍（9.3％）和咳嗽（5.6％）。一名患者退出肺功能检查。在其余的54例患者中，有41.5％患有肺功能障碍。具体而言，有7.5％的患者出现限制性通气功能障碍（强迫肺活量<预测值的80％），18.9％的患者表现为小气道功能障碍，32.1％的患者表现为肺扩散障碍（一氧化碳的弥散量<预测值的80％）。在纳入的54位患者中，有6位患者退出了胸部CT测试。其余48例患者中有11例在出院后6个月出现肺部CT异常。重度组（52.6％）比中度组（3.4％）更常见残留肺部病变的患者。在重度组中，有更高比例的患者双肺受累（42.1％vs. 3.4％）。残留的肺部病变主要是毛玻璃样混浊（20.8％）和线性混浊（14.6％）。CT结果的半定量视觉评分显示，严重组的左，右和双肺得分均明显高于中度组。出院后6个月的COVID-19患者主要表现为疲劳和劳累性呼吸困难，其肺功能不全主要表现为肺扩散障碍。如胸部CT所显示，重度组的残余病变发生率高于中度组，并且残余病变主要表现为毛玻璃样混浊和线性混浊。