Low-frequency seismic disturbances frequently induce violent rockburst hazards, seriously threatening the safety of deep excavation and mining engineering. To investigate the characteristics and mechanisms of rockbursts induced by seismic disturbances, in this study a series of true triaxial experiments, including the moderate seismically induced, the weak seismically induced, and the self-initiated rockburst experiments under different conditions were conducted. The fractal geometry theory was applied to study rockbursts and the fractal dimensions of fragmentation distribution of different types of rockbursts were calculated. The results show that the fragmentation distributions of both the seismically induced and self-initiated rockbursts exhibit fractal behaviors. For the moderate seismically induced rockbursts, as the static stresses (i.e., the maximum and minimum static stresses) and disturbance amplitude increase, the fractal dimension increases, whereas, as the disturbance frequency increases, the fractal dimension decreases first and then increases. Under similar static loading conditions, the moderate seismically induced rockbursts have the largest fractal dimension, followed by the self-initiated rockbursts, and the weak seismically induced rockbursts have the smallest fractal dimension. There is a linear relationship between the average fractal dimension and kinetic energy of these rockbursts, implying that the fractal dimension can serve as an indicator for estimating rockburst intensity. Furthermore, from a fractal point of view, the energy input, dissipation, and release of these rockbursts are all linear processes.

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低频地震扰动引起的岩爆破碎分布的分形分析

低频地震干扰经常诱发剧烈的岩爆危险，严重威胁着深基坑和采矿工程的安全。为了研究地震扰动引起的岩爆的特征和机理，本研究进行了一系列真实的三轴试验，包括中度地震诱发，弱地震诱发和不同条件下自发岩爆实验。利用分形几何理论研究了岩爆，并计算了不同类型的岩爆破碎碎片的分形维数。结果表明，地震诱发爆破和自发爆破的碎屑分布均表现出分形特征。对于中等地震诱发的岩爆，作为静应力（即，最大和最小静态应力）和扰动幅度增加，分形维数增加，而随着扰动频率增加，分形维数先减小然后增大。在相似的静态载荷条件下，中等地震诱发的岩爆具有最大的分形维数，其次是自发爆炸岩，而弱地震诱发的岩爆具有最小的分形维数。这些岩爆的平均分形维数和动能之间存在线性关系，这表明分形维数可以作为估算岩爆强度的指标。此外，从分形的观点来看，这些岩爆的能量输入，耗散和释放都是线性过程。