Sandstone-roofed roadways are susceptible to deformation and failure caused by reservoir-water-induced disturbances, thereby compromising human safety. Using rock-mechanics testing techniques, numerical simulations, and engineering principles, this study investigates the strength, deformation, and pore-structure characteristics of sandstone roofs as well as means to support the surrounding rock structure. The results obtained in this study reveal that the residual strain is proportional to the pore-water pressure, which, in turn, causes a significant reduction in the elastic modulus during the unloading phase. Furthermore, an increase in the pore-water pressure causes the shear failure of specimens in compression. The delay between crack initiation and specimen-volume expansion decreases. Moreover, the specimen demonstrates increased deformation and failure responses to changes in the confining pressure, thereby resulting in accelerated conversion. Changes in water inflow can be correlated to crack initiation, propagation, and fracture. This water inflow gradually increases with an increase in the osmotic pressure. Correspondingly, the volumetric strain required for maximum water inflow undergoes a gradual decrease. The increased water inflow can be considered a precursor to specimen failure. In addition, fractures in the surrounding rock structures are mainly caused by joint dislocations. The increase in pore pressure promotes the development of dislocation fractures in the deep surrounding rocks. Subsequently, these fractures overlap with their open counterparts to form large fractures; this increases the roadway-roof subsidence and layer separation of the shallow surrounding rocks, thereby further increasing the fracture count. Lastly, the use of high-performance rock bolts, cable-bolt reinforcements, and W-shaped steel bands is expected to ensure the stability of rocks surrounding sandstone-roofed roadways subject to water-pressure disturbances.

中文翻译：

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储集水扰动对采空区砂岩顶板力学特性及围岩控制的影响

砂岩屋顶的巷道易受水库水引起的扰动引起的变形和破坏，从而危及人身安全。本研究使用岩石力学测试技术，数值模拟和工程原理，研究了砂岩屋顶的强度，变形和孔隙结构特征，以及支持围岩结构的方法。在这项研究中获得的结果表明，残余应变与孔隙水压力成正比，从而导致卸载阶段的弹性模量显着降低。此外，孔隙水压力的增加导致压缩样品的剪切破坏。裂纹萌生与试样体积膨胀之间的延迟减小。而且，样品显示出对围压变化的增加的变形和破坏响应，从而导致加速的转化。入水量的变化可能与裂纹萌生，扩展和破裂有关。随着渗透压的增加，水的流入逐渐增加。相应地，最大水流入所需的体积应变逐渐减小。进水量增加可以认为是样品破坏的先兆。另外，围岩结构的破裂主要是由节理错位引起的。孔隙压力的增加促进了深部围岩中位错裂缝的发展。随后，这些裂缝与其裸露的裂缝重叠，形成大裂缝。这增加了巷道顶板的沉陷和浅层围岩的分层，从而进一步增加了裂缝数。最后，预计将使用高性能的锚杆，锚杆螺栓加固和W型钢带，以确保受水压干扰的砂岩屋顶巷道周围岩石的稳定性。