One of the most important global problems is protecting food from insect pests. The negative effects of synthetic insecticides on human health led to a resurgence of interest in botanical insecticides due to their minimal ecological side effects. Therefore, the insecticidal potential of hexane, acetone, and methanol extracts of Gnidia kraussiana Meisn roots at 1 and 5g/kg, and neem seed oil (NSO), used as standard insecticide, were evaluated. Ovicidal and larvicidal toxicity was tested by treating freshly laid eggs and larvae at different immature stages of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.). Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) (L.) Walp seed damage and weight loss were assessed after a storage period of 4 mo. Repellency effects were detected in choice test using a linear olfactometer. All the fractions were toxic to C. maculatus; however, their bioactivities were inversely correlated with products polarity. Extracts proved to be more toxic than the commercial NSO. The acetone extract was more effective against immature stages of C. maculatus than the methanol extract; eggs, first-, and second-instar larvae being the more susceptible. No cowpea seed damage and weight loss were recorded from the seeds treated with hexane and acetone extracts at the dosage of 5 g/kg, after 4 mo of storage. Extracts evoked stronger repellency effects compared with the tested standard insecticide. According to the above, hexane and acetone extracts are good candidates for incorporation in integrated pest management programs for the control of C. maculatus in stored cowpea seeds.

中文翻译：

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Gnidia kraussiana（锦葵目：瑞香科）分馏提取物作为生物活性植物化学物质，可有效管理储存的豆科植物（豆科植物：豆科）种子中的 Callosbruchus maculatus（鞘翅目：叶甲科）


最重要的全球问题之一是保护食物免受害虫侵害。合成杀虫剂对人类健康的负面影响导致人们重新燃起对植物杀虫剂的兴趣，因为它们对生态的副作用最小。因此，对1和5g/kg的Gnidia kraussiana Meisn根的己烷、丙酮和甲醇提取物以及用作标准杀虫剂的印楝籽油(NSO)的杀虫潜力进行了评估。通过处理刚产下的卵和不同未成熟阶段的幼虫来测试杀卵和杀幼虫毒性。豇豆 (Vigna unguiculata) (L.) 在 4 个月的储存期后评估豇豆种子的损伤和重量损失。使用线性嗅觉计在选择测试中检测排斥效果。所有级分对 C. maculatus 均有毒；然而，它们的生物活性与产物极性呈负相关。事实证明，提取物比商业 NSO 的毒性更大。丙酮提取物对未成熟阶段的斑蝽比甲醇提取物更有效；卵、一龄和二龄幼虫更易受影响。用己烷和丙酮提取物以 5 g/kg 的剂量处理的种子，在储存 4 个月后，没有记录到豇豆种子损伤和重量损失。与测试的标准杀虫剂相比，提取物产生更强的驱避效果。根据上述内容，己烷和丙酮提取物是纳入害虫综合管理计划的良好候选者，用于控制储存豇豆种子中的 C. maculatus。