The immune system plays a critical role in preventing cancer development and progression. However, the complex network of cells and soluble factor that form the tumor microenvironment (TME) can dictate the differentiation of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes and shift the antitumor immune response into promoting tumor growth. With the advent of cancer immunotherapy, there has been a reinvigorated interest in defining how the TME shapes the antitumor immune response. This interest brought to light the microbiome as a novel player in shaping cancer immunosurveillance. Indeed, accumulating evidence now suggests that the microbiome may confer susceptibility or resistance to certain cancers and may influence response to therapeutics, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors. As we move forward into the age of precision medicine, it is vital that we define the factors that influence the interplay between the triad immune system-microbiota-cancer. This knowledge will contribute to improve the therapeutic response to current approaches and will unravel novel targets for immunotherapy.
Pathobiology

中文翻译：

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癌症中的免疫系统效率和微生物群的影响

免疫系统在预防癌症的发展和进展方面起着至关重要的作用。然而，形成肿瘤微环境 (TME) 的细胞和可溶性因子的复杂网络可以决定肿瘤浸润白细胞的分化，并将抗肿瘤免疫反应转变为促进肿瘤生长。随着癌症免疫疗法的出现，人们对定义 TME 如何塑造抗肿瘤免疫反应的兴趣重新燃起。这种兴趣使微生物组成为塑造癌症免疫监视的新参与者。事实上，现在越来越多的证据表明，微生物组可能赋予对某些癌症的易感性或抗性，并可能影响对治疗剂的反应，尤其是免疫检查点抑制剂。随着我们迈入精准医学时代，我们必须确定影响免疫系统-微生物群-癌症之间相互作用的因素。这些知识将有助于改善对当前方法的治疗反应，并将揭示免疫治疗的新目标。
病理生物学