ABSTRACT

Young people’s exposure to fake news is a growing concern in terms of the risks that are beginning to emerge related to health (anxiety and stress), democracy (loss of trust in the media and institutions) and post-truth (permanent questioning of the facts). To ascertain Spanish adolescents’ exposure to false news, their level of awareness and how they value the credibility of digital information, the ‘CHECK-M’ questionnaire was designed and administered to 480 adolescents (N = 480). The results reveal that most have heard of fake news but trust their abilities to detect this kind of content. This self-confidence leads them to also state that they know that there is information designed explicitly to deceive citizens. However, when evaluating the veracity of information, they do not attach importance to fundamental criteria such as having a recognized author or being accurate. This raises the need to reinforce adolescents’ critical thinking starting in the most elementary stages of education.

摘要

从与健康（焦虑和压力），民主（对媒体和机构的信任的丧失）和后真理（对事实的永久性质疑）相关的风险开始，青年人暴露于假新闻越来越引起人们的关注。 ）。为了确定西班牙青少年暴露于虚假新闻，他们的意识水平以及他们如何看重数字信息的可信度，设计了“ CHECK-M”调查问卷，并向480名青少年进行了调查（N = 480）。结果表明，大多数人听说过虚假新闻，但相信他们能够检测到此类内容。这种自信心使他们也声明自己知道有专门设计用来欺骗公民的信息。但是，在评估信息的准确性时，他们不重视基本标准，例如拥有公认的作者或准确无误。这就需要从最基本的教育阶段开始加强青少年的批判性思维。