Abstract

Background

Age-at-onset (AAO) affects psychiatric disorder outcome; substance (SUDs) or alcohol use disorders (AUDs) may influence their onset. Affective temperaments may affect early AAO and drug-use proneness. Objectives: To investigate whether SUD/AUD moderated temperamental effects in determining AAO of mental disorders. Methods: We included 300 post-acute inpatients with schizophrenia-spectrum and other psychotic (SSOPDs), major depressive (MDD) or bipolar (BD) disorders (168 men; mean age, 40.63 years ± 11.82 men, 43.21 years ± 12.69 women) with (N = 110) or without (N = 190) SUD/AUD. Patients completed cross-sectionally TEMPS-A. We carried moderation analysis with each regression-significant TEMPS temperament as independent variable, SUD/AUD presence/absence as dichotomous moderator, and AAO as dependent variable. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: AAO was lower in patients with SUD/AUD diagnosis than in patients without (23.74 ± 10.09 vs. 27.73 ± 10.35, respectively, p = 0.001, η2 = 0.034). SUD/AUD patients scored higher on the hyperthymic (10.22 ± 4.08, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.069) and irritable (8.26 ± 4.69, p < 0.01, η2 = 0.026) temperaments than nonSUD/AUD patients. Moderation analysis showed only direct effects of irritable (β = −0.55, p < 0.005) and hyperthymic (β = −0.95, p < 0.001) temperaments on AAO and no significant SUD/AUD and interaction effects. Limitations. Cross-sectional design. Conclusions: When irritable and hyperthymic traits prevail over other temperaments, AAO is earlier in SSOPDs, MDD, and BD. SUD/AUD presence/absence does not moderate the relationship between temperament and AAO.

中文翻译：

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精神疾病的发展轨迹：物质/酒精的使用是否会缓和情绪气质作为发病年龄调节剂的影响？一项针对患有精神病或 DSM-5 双相或重度抑郁症的急性住院后患者的研究

摘要

背景

发病年龄 (AAO) 会影响精神疾病的结果；物质 (SUD) 或酒精使用障碍 (AUD) 可能会影响其发作。情感气质可能会影响早期 AAO 和吸毒倾向。目的：调查 SUD/AUD 在确定精神障碍的 AAO 时是否会调节气质影响。方法：我们纳入了 300 名患有精神分裂症谱系和其他精神病 (SSOPD)、重度抑郁症 (MDD) 或双相 (BD) 障碍的急性后住院患者（168 名男性；平均年龄，40.63 岁 ± 11.82 名男性，43.21 岁 ± 12.69 名女性）与（ N = 110) 或没有 (N = 190) SUD/AUD。患者完成横断面 TEMPS-A。我们以每个回归显着的 TEMPS 气质作为自变量，SUD/AUD 存在/不存在作为二分调节器，AAO 作为因变量进行调节分析。显着性设定为p  < 0.05。结果：有 SUD/AUD 诊断的患者的 AAO 低于没有诊断的患者（分别为 23.74 ± 10.09和27.73 ± 10.35，p = 0.001，η2 = 0.034）。SUD/AUD 患者在情绪亢进 (10.22 ± 4.08, p  < 0.001, η2 = 0.069) 和易怒 (8.26 ± 4.69, p  < 0.01, η2 = 0.026) 气质上的得分高于非 SUD/AUD 患者。适度分析仅显示易怒 (β = -0.55, p  < 0.005) 和情绪亢进 (β = -0.95, p  < 0.001) 气质对 AAO 的直接影响，没有显着的 SUD/AUD 和交互作用。限制。横断面设计。结论：当易怒和情绪亢进的特征优于其他气质时，AAO 在 SSOPD、MDD 和 BD 中更早出现。SUD/AUD 的存在/不存在不会调节气质和 AAO 之间的关系。