The study investigates economic growth and club convergence in a cross-country framework from 1970–1971 to 2014–2015. In particular, we test the club convergence hypothesis through a non-parametric and spatial interaction setting. The kernel density estimate shows a cyclical behaviour of per capita incomes, albeit following a common steady state. The conditional distribution is concentrated around the mean indicating a similar relative position across the heterogeneous countries. The transitional probabilities are strong enough to demonstrate a significant sign of clubbing. On testing the convergence hypothesis, we perceive strong evidence of club convergence across the countries. A persistent spatial dependence is unveiled across the proximities, therefore confirming the neighbour's effects in club formation. The study realizes a need to harmonize the interaction between the countries to improve the conditions for achieving long-run sustained economic growth.

中文翻译：

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经济增长和俱乐部融合：是否存在邻国效应？

该研究调查了 1970-1971 年至 2014-2015 年跨国框架中的经济增长和俱乐部融合。特别是，我们通过非参数和空间交互设置来测试俱乐部收敛假设。核密度估计显示人均收入的周期性行为，尽管遵循共同的稳态。条件分布集中在均值附近，表明不同国家之间的相对位置相似。过渡概率足够强，足以证明杵状现象的显着迹象。在检验趋同假设时，我们发现了各国俱乐部趋同的有力证据。持久的空间依赖性在邻近区域中显现出来，因此证实了邻居对俱乐部形成的影响。