In Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism, Gøsta Esping-Andersen, using decommodification as a basis, classified advanced capitalist countries into liberal, conservative-corporatist, and social-democratic welfare regimes. Subsequently, Ann Shola Orloff deemed his approach gender blind, and dimensions such as access to paid work and the capacity to form and maintain an autonomous household were added to the existing variables of state–market relations, stratification and social citizenship rights. Based on Orloff's theoretical propositions, this paper develops the decommodification measures to classify middle-income countries (MICs). The paper classifies MICs into five clusters based on hierarchical cluster analysis using variables such as GDP per capita, female labour force participation, availability, duration and wage replacement levels and providers of maternity leave benefits and availability of childcare services, legislation on sexual harassment, marital rape and domestic violence, protection orders, the availability of legal aid for civil and criminal matters and the proportion of seats held by women in parliaments.

中文翻译：

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发达资本主义之外的性别、福利国家制度和社会政策：中等收入国家的去商品化之路

在福利资本主义的三个世界中，Gøsta Esping-Andersen 以去商品化为基础，将发达资本主义国家划分为自由主义、保守社团主义和社会民主主义福利制度。随后，安·肖拉·奥尔洛夫 (Ann Shola Orloff) 认为他的方法性别盲目，并将诸如获得有偿工作的机会以及组建和维持自治家庭的能力等维度添加到现有的国家-市场关系、分层和社会公民权利变量中。基于奥尔洛夫的理论命题，本文提出了对中等收入国家（MIC）进行分类的去商品化措施。论文基于层次聚类分析将MIC分为五个聚类 使用诸如人均 GDP、女性劳动力参与、可用性、持续时间和工资替代水平以及产假福利提供者和儿童保育服务的可用性、关于性骚扰、婚内强奸和家庭暴力的立法、保护令、法律的可用性等变量对民事和刑事事务的援助以及妇女在议会中所占席位的比例。