This study explored to what extent does reverse culture shock predict the level of anxiety, depression, and psychological well-being among fresh foreign degree holders in Pakistan, in addition to finding out the relationship between the study variables. Participants consisted of 124 fresh foreign degree holders (109 men and 15 women) who were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Reverse Culture Shock Scale, Major Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and WHO-5 Well-being Index were used to measure study variables. Results show that reverse culture shock is a strong predictor of psychological well-being explaining 23% variance in well-being scores of fresh foreign degree holders. As hypothesized, it has positive associations with distress symptoms including anxiety and depression, whereas, a negative correlation was found with psychological well-being and the age of fresh foreign degree holders. However, contrary to the hypothesis, reverse culture shock has no association with time passed since arrival back home and duration of stay abroad.

中文翻译：

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巴基斯坦新获得外国学位的反向文化冲击、痛苦症状和心理健康

本研究探讨了反向文化冲击在多大程度上预测了巴基斯坦新获得外国学位的人的焦虑、抑郁和心理健康水平，此外还发现了研究变量之间的关系。参与者由 124 名刚获得外国学位的人（109 名男性和 15 名女性）组成，他们是通过有目的性和滚雪球抽样技术招募的。反向文化休克量表、重度抑郁量表、贝克焦虑量表和 WHO-5 幸福指数用于测量研究变量。结果表明，反向文化冲击是心理健康的一个强有力的预测因素，解释了刚获得外国学位的人的幸福分数有 23% 的差异。正如假设的那样，它与包括焦虑和抑郁在内的痛苦症状呈正相关，而，发现与心理健康和刚获得外国学位的年龄呈负相关。然而，与假设相反，反向文化冲击与回国后的时间和留在国外的时间无关。