Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread to nearly every corner of the globe, causing societal instability. The resultant coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) leads to fever, sore throat, cough, chest and muscle pain, dyspnoea, confusion, anosmia, ageusia and headache. These can progress to life-threatening respiratory insufficiency, also affecting the heart, kidney, liver and nervous systems. The diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is often confused with that of influenza and seasonal upper respiratory tract viral infections. Due to available treatment strategies and required containments, rapid diagnosis is mandated. This Review brings clarity to the rapidly growing body of available and in-development diagnostic tests, including nanomaterial-based tools. It serves as a resource guide for scientists, physicians, students and the public at large.

严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 已传播到几乎全球每个角落，造成社会不稳定。由此产生的 2019 冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 会导致发烧、喉咙痛、咳嗽、胸部和肌肉疼痛、呼吸困难、精神错乱、嗅觉丧失、味觉缺失和头痛。这些可能会发展为危及生命的呼吸功能不全，还会影响心脏、肾脏、肝脏和神经系统。 SARS-CoV-2 感染的诊断经常与流感和季节性上呼吸道病毒感染的诊断相混淆。由于现有的治疗策略和所需的遏制措施，必须进行快速诊断。本次审查使快速增长的可用和正在开发的诊断测试（包括基于纳米材料的工具）变得清晰。它为科学家、医生、学生和广大公众提供资源指南。