Abstract. Dust orientation is an ongoing investigation in recent years. Its potential proof will be a paradigm shift for dust remote sensing, invalidating the currently used simplifications of randomly-oriented particles. Vertically-resolved measurements of dust orientation can be acquired with a polarization lidar designed to target the off-diagonal elements of the backscatter matrix which are non-zero only when the particles are oriented. Building on previous studies, we constructed a lidar system emitting linearly- and elliptically-polarized light at 1064 nm and detecting the linear and circular polarization of the backscattered light. Its measurements provide direct flags of dust orientation, as well as more detailed information of the particle microphysics. The system also employs the capability to acquire measurements at varying viewing angles. Moreover, in order to achieve good signal-to-noise-ratio in short measurement times the system is equipped with two laser sources emitting in interleaved fashion, and two telescopes for detecting the backscattered light from both lasers. Herein we provide a description of the optical and mechanical parts of this new lidar system, the scientific and technical objectives of its design, and the calibration methodologies tailored for the measurements of oriented dust particles. We also provide the first measurements of the system.

中文翻译：

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用于检测灰尘方向的偏振激光雷达：系统设计和校准

摘要。灰尘定向是近年来的一项持续调查。它的潜在证据将是尘埃遥感的范式转变，使当前使用的随机定向粒子简化变得无效。可以使用偏振激光雷达获得垂直分辨的尘埃取向测量结果，该偏振激光雷达设计为仅当粒子取向时才能瞄准非零后向散射矩阵的非对角线元素。在以前的研究的基础上，我们构建了一个激光雷达系统，该系统发射1064 nm的线性和椭圆偏振光，并检测反向散射光的线性和圆偏振。它的测量结果提供了尘埃方向的直接标志，以及粒子微观物理学的更多详细信息。该系统还具有在不同视角下获取测量值的能力。而且，为了在短时间内获得良好的信噪比，该系统配备了两个以交错方式发射的激光源，以及两个望远镜，用于检测来自两个激光器的反向散射光。在此，我们将介绍此新型激光雷达系统的光学和机械部件，其设计的科学和技术目标以及为测量定向尘埃粒子量身定制的校准方法。我们还提供系统的首次测量。其设计的科学和技术目标，以及为测量定向灰尘颗粒量身定制的校准方法。我们还提供系统的首次测量。其设计的科学和技术目标，以及为测量定向灰尘颗粒量身定制的校准方法。我们还提供系统的首次测量。