Predicting what drivers will do as vehicle control is handed over to them from automation is a relatively new challenge for the motor vehicle industry. Operator Event Sequence Diagrams (OESDs) offer a way of modeling the interactions between the driver and vehicle automation in the handover of control. In this paper, two studies are presented in which a range of handover strategies are tested. The anticipated driver strategies were modeled using OESDs to serve as predictions of driver behavior. Drivers were then observed in two separate studies: (1) using a Lower-Fidelity (vehicle seat and controls) simulator and (2) using a Higher-Fidelity (whole vehicle) simulator. Driver behavior during a takeover task was categorized according to the signal detection paradigm into hits, misses, false alarms, and correct rejections. The results showed that for all strategies in both sets of studies, the median criterion for validity was exceeded ( > 0.8), suggesting that OESDs made good predictions of driver behavior during the handover of the vehicle from automation to manual control.

中文翻译：

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验证操作员事件序列图：自动驾驶车辆向人类驾驶员移交的案例

当车辆控制权从自动化移交给驾驶员时，预测驾驶员将做什么是机动车辆行业相对较新的挑战。操作员事件序列图 (OESD) 提供了一种在控制权移交中对驾驶员和车辆自动化之间的交互进行建模的方法。在本文中，提出了两项​​研究，其中测试了一系列切换策略。使用 OESD 对预期的驾驶员策略进行建模，以作为对驾驶员行为的预测。然后在两项独立的研究中观察驾驶员：（1）使用低保真（车辆座椅和控制）模拟器和（2）使用高保真（整车）模拟器。接管任务期间的驾驶员行为根据信号检测范式分为命中、未命中、误报和正确拒绝。 > 0.8)，表明 OESD 在车辆从自动控制到手动控制的切换过程中对驾驶员的行为做出了很好的预测。