Engineering education refers to developing an understanding of the principles, methods, and ways of thinking that underlie engineering, and preparing students and engineers for productive engineering careers. The purpose of this review is to explore how head-mounted display-based virtual reality (HMD VR) can contribute to these goals. Historically, engineering has not been a focus for VR in education. However, recent technical advances and decreasing prices are driving a growing public interest in applying HMD VR in this field. This article reviews 47 publications on this topic, primarily appearing from 2015 to May of 2020. The literature reveals that engineering researchers and instructors have broadly explored the potential of HMD VR in organized engineering instruction and training. However, rigorous evaluation appears to be somewhat lacking in the reviewed research, and most studies are conducted in a small-scale laboratory setting. Nonetheless, HMD VR seems to be able to motivate students to learn and it is perceived to be useful in engineering education. Researchers are recommended to explore the methods of using HMD VR to facilitate lifelong learning, especially for the retraining and re-employment of engineers who seek to change careers or collaborate with researchers in different disciplines. Engineering instructors may benefit from professional development that focuses on student-centered pedagogies and skills attuned to the latest HMD VR systems.

中文翻译：

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工程教育中基于头戴式显示器的虚拟现实系统：近期研究综述

工程教育是指发展对作为工程基础的原理、方法和思维方式的理解，并为学生和工程师从事富有成效的工程职业做好准备。本次审查的目的是探索基于头戴式显示器的虚拟现实 (HMD VR) 如何为实现这些目标做出贡献。从历史上看，工程并不是 VR 教育的重点。然而，最近的技术进步和价格下降正在推动公众对在该领域应用 HMD VR 的兴趣日益浓厚。本文回顾了有关该主题的 47 篇出版物，主要发表于 2015 年至 2020 年 5 月。文献表明，工程研究人员和教师已经广泛探索了 HMD VR 在有组织的工程教学和培训中的潜力。然而，审查的研究似乎有些缺乏严格的评估，大多数研究是在小规模实验室环境中进行的。尽管如此，HMD VR 似乎能够激励学生学习，并且被认为在工程教育中很有用。建议研究人员探索使用HMD VR促进终身学习的方法，特别是对于寻求改变职业或与不同学科的研究人员合作的工程师的再培训和再就业。工程讲师可以从专注于以学生为中心的教学法和与最新 HMD VR 系统相适应的技能的专业发展中受益。HMD VR 似乎能够激励学生学习，并且被认为在工程教育中很有用。建议研究人员探索使用HMD VR促进终身学习的方法，特别是对于寻求改变职业或与不同学科的研究人员合作的工程师的再培训和再就业。工程讲师可以从专注于以学生为中心的教学法和与最新 HMD VR 系统相适应的技能的专业发展中受益。HMD VR 似乎能够激励学生学习，并且被认为在工程教育中很有用。建议研究人员探索使用HMD VR促进终身学习的方法，特别是对于寻求改变职业或与不同学科的研究人员合作的工程师的再培训和再就业。工程讲师可以从专注于以学生为中心的教学法和与最新 HMD VR 系统相适应的技能的专业发展中受益。