The purpose of the current study is to present the early maladaptive schemas in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The study sample comprised 107 participants, including 55 adult ADHD and 52 healthy volunteers. The age of the participants ranged between 18 and 32 years. Structured Clinical Interview Form for DSM-IV Axis I (SCID-I) and Structured Clinical Interview Form for DSM-III-R Disorders (SCID-II) were applied to all participants and Diagnostic Interview for ADHD (DIVA) for ADHD group based on DSM-5 criteria. The participants filled the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-S3), Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS), Wender Utah RatingScale-25 (WURS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). All maladaptive schemas were found to be statistically significantly higher in the ADHD group. As compatible with ADHD core symptoms, “Failure,” “Emotional Inhibition,” “Insufficient Self-Control” and “Social Isolation” were the most seen maladaptive schemas in the ADHD group. “Approval Seeking,” “Entitlement/Grandiosity” and “Punitiveness” were found the weakest schemas in the ADHD group. This study besides supporting the theory of early maladaptive schemas suggests that identifying and modifying maladaptive schemas interventions based on specific schemas can be an important and useful method for psychotherapy in treatment of ADHD.

中文翻译：

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成人注意力缺陷多动障碍和早期适应不良图式

本研究的目的是展示成人注意力缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD) 的早期适应不良模式。研究样本包括 107 名参与者，其中包括 55 名成人多动症和 52 名健康志愿者。参与者的年龄介于 18 至 32 岁之间。DSM-IV 轴 I (SCID-I) 的结构化临床访谈表和 DSM-III-R 障碍的结构化临床访谈表 (SCID-II) 应用于所有参与者，ADHD 组的 ADHD 诊断访谈 (DIVA) 基于DSM-5 标准。参与者填写了 Young Schema 问卷 (YSQ-S3)、成人 ADHD 自我报告量表 (ASRS)、Wender Utah RatingScale-25 (WURS)、贝克抑郁量表 (BDI) 和贝克焦虑量表 (BAI)。发现 ADHD 组的所有适应不良模式在统计学上显着更高。与 ADHD 核心症状兼容，“失败”、“情绪抑制”、“自我控制不足”和“社交孤立”是 ADHD 组中最常见的适应不良图式。“寻求批准”、“权利/宏伟”和“惩罚”被发现是 ADHD 组中最弱的模式。这项研究除了支持早期适应不良图式的理论外，还表明基于特定图式识别和修改适应不良图式干预措施可以成为治疗 ADHD 的心理治疗的重要且有用的方法。