This work examines the mode of basal to substrate interaction, and flow dynamics of recurrent mass wasting events from a high-quality 3D seismic reflection data. The Taranaki Basin, offshore New Zealand offers a unique environment to understand these processes, as the Neogene succession of the area preserves vertical stacks of mass transport deposits (MTDs) from the Miocene to Pliocene. The approach used here combines seismic interpretation of the basal shear zones (BSZs) of the MTD, seismic attribute analyses and colour rendering of both RMS amplitude and energy gradient maps. The five mass transport deposits are characterized into blocky-MTDs consisting of moderate to high amplitude and variably deformed rafted blocks, and chaotic masses composed of slides and debris flow deposits. Classic examples of kinematic indicators at the BSZ of the MTDs akin to free-slip flow processes such as liquefaction, hydroplaning and shear wetting are convolute flow fabrics and basal shear zone cut-offs (fractures). Striations, grooves, mega scours, U- and V-shaped scours, substrate erosion, monkey fingers (peel backs), substrate deformation and shearing are associated with no-slip flows, suggesting that the mass movements efficiently interacted with the underlying substrate. Importantly, the intersection of different kinematic indicators along the BSZs of all the MTDs suggests an overlap of flow regimes, flow overprinting and transformation during mass movement. Although basal tooling by rafted blocks seems dominant during remobilization of the blocky MTDs, the presence of other kinematic indicators signifies combined mechanisms involving both free-flow and no-slip processes during their translation. The classification scheme evaluated here innovatively shows mass movements habitually occur through a combination of flow mechanisms rather than an independent flow regime.

中文翻译：

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循环质量运动期间基底流标记的地貌特征：新西兰近海塔拉纳基盆地的案例研究

这项工作从高质量的 3D 地震反射数据中检查了基底与基底相互作用的模式，以及反复发生的质量浪费事件的流动动力学。新西兰近海的塔拉纳基盆地为了解这些过程提供了独特的环境，因为该地区的新近纪序列保留了从中新世到上新世的垂直堆积的大规模运输沉积物 (MTD)。这里使用的方法结合了 MTD 基底剪切带 (BSZ) 的地震解释、地震属性分析和均方根振幅和能量梯度图的显色性。五个质量输送沉积物被表征为块状MTD，由中等至高振幅和可变变形的筏状块体组成，以及由滑坡和泥石流沉积物组成的混沌块体。在 MTD 的 BSZ 处运动学指标的经典示例类似于自由滑移过程，例如液化、滑水和剪切润湿，是回旋流结构和基底剪切带截止（裂缝）。条纹、凹槽、巨型冲刷、U 形和 V 形冲刷、底材侵蚀、猴指（剥背）、底材变形和剪切与无滑移流相关，表明质量运动有效地与下面的底材相互作用。重要的是，沿所有 MTD 的 BSZ 的不同运动学指标的交集表明，在质量运动过程中，流态、流套印和转换存在重叠。尽管在块状 MTD 的再动员过程中，筏式块的基础工具似乎占主导地位，其他运动学指标的存在意味着在其平移过程中涉及自由流动和无滑移过程的组合机制。这里评估的分类方案创新地显示了质量运动是通过流动机制的组合而不是独立的流动状态习惯性地发生的。