To explore the failure mechanism of roadway in layered soft rocks, a physical model with the physically finite elemental slab assemblage (PFESA) method was established. Infrared thermography and a video camera were employed to capture thermal responses and deformation. The model results showed that layered soft roadway suffered from large deformation. A three-dimensional distinct element code (3DEC) model with tetrahedral blocks was built to capture the characteristics of roadway deformation, stress, and cracks. The results showed two failure patterns, layer bending fracture and layer slipping after excavation. The layer bending fracture occurred at positions where the normal direction of layers pointed to the inside of the roadway and the layer slipping occurred in the ribs. Six schemes were proposed to investigate the effects of layered soft rocks. The results showed that the deformation of ribs was obviously larger than that of the roof and floor when the roadway passed through three types of strata. When the roadway was completely in a coal seam, the change of deformation in ribs was not obvious, while the deformation in the roof and floor increased obviously. These results can provide guidance for excavation and support design of roadways in layered soft rocks.

为了探索层状软岩巷道的破坏机理，建立了物理有限元板组合法（PFESA）的物理模型。红外热像仪和摄像机被用来捕获热响应和变形。模型结果表明，层状软巷道变形较大。建立具有四面体块的三维不同元素代码（3DEC）模型，以捕获巷道变形，应力和裂缝的特征。结果表明，开挖后出现了两种破坏模式，即层弯曲断裂和层滑动。层弯曲断裂发生在各层的法线方向指向车道内部且在肋中发生层滑动的位置。提出了六种方案来研究层状软岩的影响。结果表明，当巷道穿过三种类型的地层时，肋的变形明显大于顶板和底板的变形。当巷道完全处于煤层中时，肋骨的变形变化不明显，而顶板和底板的变形明显增加。这些结果可为分层软岩巷道的开挖和支护设计提供指导。