In this study, the physics and effectiveness of active yaw control under various wind conditions are investigated systematically, based on wind tunnel experiments and a new analytical wind farm model. The power and wake velocity measurements of a three-row miniature wind farm reveal that the peak power gain (18%) is reached in partial-wake conditions, when the wind direction is misaligned with the turbine column by 2–4°. In contrast, the power gain in the full-wake condition (5.4%) is a local minimum. For a single-column wind farm, the optimal yaw angle distribution always exhibits a decreasing trend from upstream to downstream, which can be associated with the secondary wake steering effect. Analytical model predicts that with increasing number of rows, both the peak power gain and the leading-turbine yaw angle increase asymptotically. The maximum value of the yaw angle is mainly determined by the cosine exponent of the thrust coefficient (p). With a typical value of $p=1.8$, the maximum yaw angle value is approximately 30°. Turbulence intensity and streamwise spacing have similar effects on active yaw control. When these two parameters increase, the relative power gain decreases monotonically.

在这项研究中，基于风洞实验和新的分析风场模型，系统地研究了各种风况下主动偏航控制的物理原理和有效性。对三行微型风力发电场的功率和尾流速度测量表明，当风向与涡轮机柱偏离2-4°时，在部分尾流条件下达到了峰值功率增益（18％）。相反，全唤醒条件下的功率增益（5.4％）是局部最小值。对于单列风电场，最佳偏航角分布始终呈现从上游到下游的减小趋势，这可能与次级尾流转向效果相关。分析模型预测，随着行数的增加，峰值功率增益和超前涡轮偏航角均会逐渐增加。p）。典型值为$p=1.8$，最大偏航角约为30°。湍流强度和沿流方向的间距对主动偏航控制有相似的影响。当这两个参数增加时，相对功率增益将单调减小。