This paper systematically discusses the multiple source characteristics and formation mechanisms of carbonate-rich fine-grained sedimentary rocks through the analysis of material source and rock formation. The hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics of carbonate-rich fine-grained sedimentary rocks are also summarized. The results show that the main reason for the enrichment of fine-grained carbonate materials in rift lake basins was the supply of multiple material sources, including terrestrial material input, formation of intrabasinal authigenic carbonate, volcanic-hydrothermal material feeding and mixed source. The development of carbonate bedrock in the provenance area controlled the filling scale of carbonate materials in rift lake basins. The volcanic-hydrothermal activity might provide an alkaline fluid to the lake basins to strengthen the material supply for the formation of carbonate crystals. Authigenic carbonate crystals induced by biological processes were the main source of long-term accumulation of fine-grained carbonate materials in the lake basins. Carbonate-rich fine-grained sedimentary rocks with multiple features were formed through the interaction of physical, biochemical and chemical processes during the deposition and post-deposition stages. The source and sedimentary origin of the fine-grained carbonate rock controlled the hydrocarbon accumulation in it. In the multi-source system, the types of “sweet spots” of continental shale oil and gas include endogenous type, terrigenous type, volcanic-hydrothermal type and mixed source type.

通过对物源和岩层的分析，系统地探讨了富碳酸盐细粒沉积岩的多源特征和形成机理。总结了富碳酸盐细粒沉积岩的油气成藏特征。结果表明，裂谷湖盆地细粒碳酸盐物质富集的主要原因是多种物质源的供给，包括陆相物质输入，基底内自生碳酸盐的形成，火山热液物质的供给和混合源。物源区碳酸盐岩的发育控制了裂谷湖盆地碳酸盐物质的充填规模。火山热液活动可能会向湖泊流域提供碱性流体，以增强形成碳酸盐晶体的物质供应。生物过程引起的自生碳酸盐晶体是湖盆中细粒碳酸盐物质长期积累的主要来源。通过沉积和沉积后阶段的物理，生化和化学过程的相互作用，形成了具有多种特征的富含碳酸盐的细粒沉积岩。细粒碳酸盐岩的来源和沉积成因控制了其中的烃类堆积。在多源系统中，陆相页岩油气的“甜点”类型包括内生型，陆源型，火山热液型和混合源型。