To understand the evolution of the Miocene gravity flow deposits in the Lower Cong—Congo Fan Basin, this paper documents the Miocene sequence stratigraphic framework, the depositional characteristics and the controlling factors of the gravity flow system. Based on the establishment of high-resolution sequence stratigraphic framework, lithofacies characteristics and sedimentary units of the gravity flow deposits in the region are identified by using seismic, well logging and core data comprehensively, and the sedimentary evolution process is revealed and the controlling factors are discussed. The Miocene can be divided into four 3rd-order sequences (SQ1—SQ4). The gravity flow deposits mainly include siliciclastic rock and pelite. The main sedimentary units include slumping deposits, mass transport deposits (MTD), channel fills, levee-overbank deposits, and frontal lobes. In the Early Miocene (SQ1), mainly gull-wing, weakly restricted to unrestricted depositional channel-overbank complexes and lobes were formed. In the early Middle Miocene (SQ2), W-shaped and weakly restricted erosional-depositional channels (multi-phase superposition) were subsequently developed. In the late Middle Miocene (SQ3), primarily U-shaped and restricted erosional channels were developed. In the Late Miocene (SQ4), largely V-shaped and deeply erosional isolated channels were formed in the study area. Climate cooling and continuous fall of the sea level made the study area change from toe of slope-submarine plain to lower continental slope, middle continental slope and finally to upper continental slope, which in turn affected the strength of the gravity flow. The three times of tectonic uplifting and climate cooling in the West African coast provided abundant sediment supply for the development of gravity flow deposits. Multistage activities of salt structures played important roles in redirecting, restricting, blocking and destroying the gravity flow deposits. Clarifying the characteristics, evolution and controlling factors of the Miocene gravity flow deposits in the Lower Congo—Congo Fan Basin can provide reference for deep-water petroleum exploration in this basin.

为了了解下聪-刚果扇盆地中新世重力流沉积的演化，本文记录了中新世层序地层格架，沉积特征和重力流系统的控制因素。在建立高分辨率层序地层格架的基础上，综合利用地震，测井和岩心资料，识别了该地区重力流沉积的岩相特征和沉积单元，揭示了沉积演化过程，确定了控制因素。讨论过。中新世可以分为四个三阶序列（SQ1-SQ4）。重力流沉积物主要包括硅质碎屑岩和钙质岩。主要的沉积单元包括塌陷沉积物，大众运输沉积物（MTD），河道填充物，堤岸上的沉积物和额叶。在中新世早期（SQ1），主要是鸥翼，弱地局限于不受限制的沉积通道-河岸复合体和波瓣。在中新世早期（SQ2），随后形成了W形和弱约束的侵蚀沉积通道（多相叠加）。在中新世中期（SQ3），主要形成了U形和受限制的侵蚀通道。在中新世晚期（SQ4），研究区形成了大体呈V形和深侵蚀的孤立通道。气候的降温和海平面的连续下降使研究区域从坡底-海底平原的脚趾变为低陆坡，中陆坡，最后到上陆坡，进而影响了重力流的强度。西非海岸的三次构造抬升和气候降温为重力流沉积的发展提供了丰富的沉积物供应。盐结构的多阶段活动在重定向，限制，阻塞和破坏重力流沉积中起着重要作用。弄清下刚果－刚果扇盆地中新世重力流沉积的特征，演化及控制因素，可为该盆地深水石油勘探提供参考。