The genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on specimens of Astyanax lacustris were evaluated using different biomarkers. Additionally, this study evaluated the efficiency of an activated carbon filter made from the husks green coconut, which was used as a biosorbent to remove 2,4-D dissolved in the water, and the potential effectiveness of this procedure for the reduction of the toxic effects of this compound on A. lacustris. Three sublethal concentrations of 2,4-D (10, 20, and 40 mg L⁻¹) were tested over 24, 48, and 72 h, and their effects on Astyanax lacustris were evaluated using chromosomal aberration test, the mitotic index, the frequency of micronuclei and nuclear alterations, and the comet assay. Exposure to 2,4-D increased the frequency of chromosomal aberrations, reduced the mitotic index, and caused significant levels of nuclear modification in some of the treatments, in comparison with the negative control. The comet assay revealed DNA damage (classes 1–3) at all 2,4-D concentrations, reaching significant levels in the 20 mg L^-1 (48 h) and 40 mg L^-1 (72 h) treatments. The coconut husk biosorbent was highly effective for the removal of 2,4-D and the fish exposed to the water decontaminated by this filter had low levels of cellular alteration. The findings of the present study demonstrated, for the first time, the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of 2,4-D in Astyanax lacustris, as well as suggests the potential application of a biosorbent for the effective decontamination of water contaminated with pesticides.

使用不同的生物标志物评估了 2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸 (2,4-D) 对Astyanax lacustris标本的基因毒性和细胞毒性作用。此外，这项研究评估了由果壳绿色椰子制成的活性炭过滤器的效率，该过滤器用作生物吸附剂以去除溶解在水中的 2,4-D，以及该程序在减少有毒物质方面的潜在有效性该化合物对A. lacustris 的影响。在 24、48 和 72 小时内测试了三种亚致死浓度的 2,4-D（10、20 和 40 mg L ^-1）及其对Astyanax lacustris的影响使用染色体畸变试验、有丝分裂指数、微核和核改变的频率以及彗星试验进行评估。与阴性对照相比，暴露于 2,4-D 会增加染色体畸变的频率，降低有丝分裂指数，并在某些治疗中引起显着水平的核修饰。彗星试验揭示了所有 2,4-D 浓度下的 DNA 损伤（1-3 级），在 20 mg L ^-1（48 小时）和 40 mg L ^-1浓度下达到显着水平(72 小时) 处理。椰子壳生物吸附剂对去除 2,4-D 非常有效，并且暴露在被这种过滤器净化的水中的鱼的细胞改变水平很低。本研究的结果首次证明了 2,4-D 在Astyanax lacustris 中的基因毒性和细胞毒性作用，并表明生物吸附剂在有效净化被杀虫剂污染的水方面的潜在应用。