For the optimization of envelope characteristics also the shape of the building, an optimization–simulation technique is applied in this paper. To obtain the best values of all related variables for the minimization of energy consumption in residential buildings, an improved Manta-Ray Foraging Optimizer is considered as the optimization algorithm. Also, for whole-building energy simulation, RIUSKA is used. The optimization parameters are the area and type of the windows, foundation, wall and roof insulations, level of infiltration, orientation, and thermal mass. Various forms of the building including rectangle, trapezoid, T-shape, H-shape, cross, L-shape, and U-shape are studied. The model optimization process takes fewer computation time and expense. Moreover, the utilized technique implements fully proper in comparison to the particle swarm, approximating very close to the optimum in less than 50% of the simulations The lowest life cycle cost is achieved by the buildings with trapezoid and rectangle form for five various climatic conditions. Also, the minimum variation from the optimum to the worst is observed by trapezoid and rectangle. The change in the values of the life cycle cost is lower than 4.5%.

中文翻译：

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使用改进的蝠鲼觅食优化算法进行建筑物形状优化，从而最大限度地降低能耗

为了优化围护结构特征以及建筑物的形状，本文应用了优化模拟技术。为了获得所有相关变量的最佳值以最小化住宅建筑的能耗，优化算法被考虑为改进的Manta-Ray Foraging Optimizer。此外，对于整个建筑的能源模拟，还使用 ​​RIUSKA。优化参数包括窗户、地基、墙壁和屋顶隔热材料的面积和类型、渗透水平、方向和热质量。研究了建筑物的各种形式，包括矩形、梯形、T形、H形、十字形、L形和U形。模型优化过程需要更少的计算时间和费用。此外，与粒子群相比，所使用的技术实现完全正确，在不到 50% 的模拟中非常接近最佳值。针对五种不同气候条件的梯形和矩形建筑实现了最低的生命周期成本。此外，梯形和矩形观察到从最佳到最差的最小变化。生命周期成本值的变化低于4.5%。