Combined heat and power production in micro- to small-scale is one main part of the decentralization of energy production. Concepts using solid biogenic fuels to provide power and heat are manifold, but often focus on a nominal power output above 50 kW_el. Moreover, slagging or fouling issues in combustion processes provoke reduced electrical efficiencies and short maintenance intervals. This research paper presents an efficient and fuel-flexible micro-scale combined heat and power solution. The developed demo plant consists of a 45 kW_th fluidized bed combustion chamber and a 5 kW_el Stirling engine. Bringing the heat exchanger surfaces of the Stirling engine directly into the bubbling fluidized bed enables an efficient heat transfer, while a cooled combustion avoids exceeding low ash melting temperatures. This prevents the Stirling’s in-bed heat exchanger surfaces from fouling and slagging. The comprehensive lab experiments show carbon monoxide emissions below 100 ppm for full and part load operation, which emphasizes the flexibility of the micro-scale combustion. The integrated Stirling engine reached its nominal electrical power output of 5 kW_el. The evaluation of the electrical efficiency in a 72 h long-term lab test revealed 13–15% electrical efficiency, which is maximal in part-load operation and goes beyond known comparable approaches. The overall fuel utilization rate exceeded 85%.

从微型到小型的热电联产是能源生产分散化的主要部分之一。使用固体生物燃料来提供功率和热量的概念是多种多样的，但通常侧重于50  kW _el以上的标称功率输出。此外，燃烧过程中的结渣或结垢问题导致降低的电效率和较短的维护间隔。本研究论文提出了一种高效且灵活的燃料微型热电联产解决方案。发达演示设备由一个45 千瓦的_第流化床燃烧室和5 千瓦_EL斯特林发动机。将斯特林发动机的换热器表面直接带入鼓泡的流化床可实现高效的热传递，而冷却的燃烧则可避免超过较低的灰烬熔化温度。这样可以防止斯特林床内换热器表面结垢和结渣。全面的实验室实验表明，对于全负荷和部分负荷运行，一氧化碳的排放低于100 ppm，这强调了微尺度燃烧的灵活性。集成的斯特林发动机达到其标称输出功率5  kW _el。在72小时的长期实验室测试中对电效率的评估显示，电效率为13％至15％，这在部分负载运行中是最高的，并且超出了已知的可比方法。整体燃油利用率超过85％。