Linking population trends to species’ traits is informative for the detection of the most important threatening factors and for assessing the effectiveness of conservation measures. Although some previous studies performed such an analysis at local to continental scales, the global-scale focus is the most relevant for conservation of the entire species. Here we evaluate information on global population trends of shorebirds, a widely distributed and ecologically diversified group, where some species connect different parts of the world by migration, while others are residents. Nowadays, shorebirds face rapid environmental changes caused by various human activities and climate change. Numerous signs of regional population declines have been recently reported in response to these threats. The aim of our study was to test whether breeding and non-breeding habitats, migratory behaviour (migrants vs. residents) and migration distance, breeding latitude, generation time and breeding range size mirror species’ global population trends. We found that a majority of shorebird species have declined globally. After accounting for the influence of traits and species taxonomy, linear mixed-effects models showed that populations of migratory shorebirds decreased more than populations of residents. Besides that, declines were more frequent for species breeding at high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, but these patterns did not hold after excluding the non-migratory species. Our findings suggest that factors linked to migration, such as habitat loss as well as deterioration at stop-over or wintering sites and a pronounced climate change impact at high latitudes, are possible drivers of the observed worldwide population decreases.

将种群趋势与物种特征联系起来，对于发现最重要的威胁因素和评估保护措施的有效性很有帮助。尽管先前的一些研究在本地到大陆范围内进行了这种分析，但全球范围内的重点与整个物种的保护最为相关。在这里，我们评估了水鸟全球种群趋势的信息，水鸟是一个分布广泛且生态多样化的群体，其中一些物种通过迁徙连接世界不同地区，而另一些则是居民。如今，shore鸟面临着各种人类活动和气候变化导致的快速环境变化。最近，针对这些威胁，已经报告了许多区域人口减少的迹象。我们研究的目的是检验繁殖和非繁殖栖息地，迁徙行为（移民与居民）和迁徙距离，繁殖纬度，世代时间和繁殖范围大小是否反映物种的全球种群趋势。我们发现，全球大多数shore鸟物种都在减少。在考虑了性状和物种分类学的影响后，线性混合效应模型显示，迁徙水鸟的数量下降幅度大于居民的数量。除此之外，在北半球高纬度地区繁殖的物种下降更为频繁，但是在排除非迁移物种之后，这些模式并没有成立。我们的发现表明，与移民有关的因素，