Designing Product-Service Systems (PSS) is associated with multiple problems and challenges, usually derived from its multidisciplinarity and partially intangible nature. One particular issue is the high likelihood of ignoring the creation of relevant information regarding one or more PSS elements during the early design phases. Proceeding to later stages (e.g., detailed design) without generating the required information regarding all PSS elements and their relationships may lead to rework and lack of integration. Dealing with this problem requires adequate planning and evaluation of the artifacts (such as documents and models) created in the initial design phases. As a fundamental theoretical basis to support the creation of solutions that may help project managers dealing with this challenge, this paper presents a concept map to structure the concepts that compose artifacts resulting from the initial stages of PSS design and how those concepts interrelate. This concept map aims to structure which classes of information should be defined in the early phases of the design process before proceeding to a detailed design. The concept map was created by extracting concepts and relationships proposed in classifications, taxonomies, ontologies, meta-models, and concept maps in the PSS and servitization fields. Those documents were identified through a comprehensive systematic literature review. The resulting concept map was verified for completeness against formal documentation of two retrospective PSS design projects. The final proposed concept map is composed of 143 concepts interconnected through 278 relationships. In its current format, the concept map may be used as a checklist to support project managers in planning and evaluating early phases of PSS design based on information completeness. Researchers may also employ it to deploy ontologies, approach further knowledge and information-related challenges in PSS design, or structure PSS-related model-based systems engineering approaches. In future research, this concept map shall be deployed in a meta-model based on artifacts commonly used in PSS design, structuring a computational tool to allow and support practical application on planning and evaluating PSS design projects.

设计产品服务系统（PSS）涉及多个问题和挑战，通常源于其多学科性和部分无形的本质。一个特殊的问题是，在早期设计阶段就很可能忽略有关一个或多个PSS元素的相关信息的创建。如果不生成有关所有PSS元素及其关系的所需信息，则进入后续阶段（例如，详细设计）可能会导致返工和缺乏集成。要解决此问题，需要对在初始设计阶段创建的工件（例如文档和模型）进行适当的计划和评估。作为支持创建可帮助项目经理应对这一挑战的解决方案的基础理论基础，本文提出了一个概念图，用于构造概念，这些概念构成了PSS设计初期所产生的工件，以及这些概念如何相互关联。该概念图旨在构造在进行详细设计之前，应在设计过程的早期阶段定义哪些信息类别。通过提取PSS和服务化领域中分类，分类法，本体，元模型和概念图中提出的概念和关系来创建概念图。这些文件是通过全面的系统文献综述而确定的。针对两个回顾性PSS设计项目的正式文档，验证了所得概念图的完整性。最终提出的概念图由通过278个关系互连的143个概念组成。以目前的格式，概念图可以用作清单，以支持项目经理基于信息完整性来计划和评估PSS设计的早期阶段。研究人员还可以使用它来部署本体，解决PSS设计中与知识和信息有关的更多挑战，或构建与PSS相关的基于模型的系统工程方法。在将来的研究中，应基于PSS设计中常用的工件在元模型中部署此概念图，从而构造一个计算工具，以允许并支持在规划和评估PSS设计项目中的实际应用。在PSS设计中采用进一步的知识和信息相关挑战，或构建与PSS相关的基于模型的系统工程方法。在将来的研究中，应基于PSS设计中常用的工件在元模型中部署此概念图，从而构造一个计算工具，以允许并支持在规划和评估PSS设计项目中的实际应用。在PSS设计中采用进一步的知识和信息相关挑战，或构建与PSS相关的基于模型的系统工程方法。在将来的研究中，应基于PSS设计中常用的工件在元模型中部署此概念图，从而构造一个计算工具，以允许并支持在规划和评估PSS设计项目中的实际应用。