This was a narrative review of the literature pertaining to antiretroviral adherence rates in patients with HIV, with a focus on ADHD as a potential risk for poor adherence. A connection is drawn between the cognitive symptoms of ADHD and risk factors for poor treatment adherence in HIV. Parallel associations between ADHD and poor treatment adherence in patients with diabetes are also discussed. Finally, some of the challenges in measuring medication adherence in patients with HIV are summarized. Future research may assess whether patients with comorbid ADHD and HIV have lower rates of adherence than those with HIV alone. Samples will need to be large to manage other contributing factors such as age; in our clinic, patients with HIV referred for ADHD evaluations tend to be younger than patients with HIV referred for assessment of other neurocognitive conditions. This artifact confounds attempts to compare adherence rates in patients with both ADHD and HIV versus those without, as younger age is independently associated with poorer medication compliance. Future research should also include the development of strategies to help infectious disease clinicians to measure adherence as well as the development of cognitive and behavioral strategies for improving adherence rates in patients at risk for poor medication compliance.

这是对与 HIV 患者抗逆转录病毒治疗依从率有关的文献的叙述性评论，重点是 ADHD 作为依从性差的潜在风险。ADHD 的认知症状与 HIV 治疗依从性差的风险因素之间存在联系。还讨论了 ADHD 与糖尿病患者治疗依从性差之间的平行关联。最后，总结了衡量 HIV 患者服药依从性的一些挑战。未来的研究可能会评估合并 ADHD 和 HIV 的患者是否比单独感染 HIV 的患者具有更低的依从率。样本需要很大以管理其他影响因素，例如年龄；在我们的诊所，转诊进行 ADHD 评估的 HIV 患者往往比转诊进行其他神经认知疾病评估的 HIV 患者年轻。这个伪影混淆了比较 ADHD 和 HIV 患者与没有 HIV 的患者的依从率的尝试，因为年轻的年龄与较差的药物依从性独立相关。未来的研究还应包括制定策略以帮助传染病临床医生衡量依从性，以及制定认知和行为策略以提高有药物依从性差风险的患者的依从率。