In order to remediate heavy metal ions from waste water, Al₂O₃-SiO₂ composite aerogels are prepared via a sol—gel and an organic solvent sublimation drying method. Various characterisation techniques have been employed including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy-dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Brunauer—Emmett—Teller (BET) N₂ adsoprtion isotherm, and atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). XRD and FTIR suggest that the aerogels are composed of mainly Al₂O₃ and minor SiO₂. They have a high specific surface area (827.544 m²/g) and high porosity (86.0%) with a pore diameter of ∼20 nm. Their microstructures show that the distribution of Al, Si, and O is homogeneous. The aerogels can remove ∼99% Cu²⁺ within ∼40 min and then reach the equilibrium uptake (∼69 mg/g). Preliminary calculations show that the Cu²⁺ uptake by the aerogels follows pseudo second-order kinetics where chemical sorption may take effect owing largely to the high surface area, high porosity, and abundant functional groups, such as Al-OH and Si-OH, in the aerogel network. The prepared aerogels may serve as efficient absorbents for Cu²⁺ removal.

为了从废水中去除重金属离子，通过溶胶-凝胶法和有机溶剂升华干燥法制备了Al ₂ O ₃ -SiO ₂复合气凝胶。已经采用了各种表征技术，包括X射线衍射（XRD），傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR），扫描电子显微镜（SEM），能量色散X射线光谱（EDX），Brunauer-Emmett-Teller（BET）N ₂吸附等温线和原子吸收光谱仪（AAS）。XRD和FTIR表明气凝胶主要由Al ₂ O ₃和少量SiO _2组成。它们具有较高的比表面积（827.544 m ²/ g）和高孔隙率（86.0％），孔径约为20 nm。它们的微观结构表明，Al，Si和O的分布是均匀的。气凝胶可在约40分钟内去除约99％的Cu ²⁺，然后达到平衡吸收（约69 mg / g）。初步计算表明，气凝胶对Cu ^2+的吸收遵循伪二级动力学，其中化学吸附可能主要由于高表面积，高孔隙率和丰富的官能团（例如Al-OH和Si-OH）而发生，在气凝胶网络中。制备的气凝胶可作为去除Cu ^2+的有效吸收剂。