Like other low-income countries in Asia and Africa, Nepal still suffers from food insecurity with a large proportion of food-insecure households being smallholder farmers who rely on rain-fed agriculture for their livelihood. Contributing factors include a lack of production, lack of resources, access to land and market, climate change, extreme events and underlying poverty. In this study, we aimed to examine the prevalence, cause of and response to food insecurity and assess how food security varies with respect to the regional variation. We also explored the role of changing climatic conditions in creating such adversities. Based on an analysis of the results from interviewing 384 farm households from three agro-ecological zones in Bagmati Province, we found that 56% of the farm households experienced food insecurity. The severity varied amongst the households with resource-poor, disadvantaged groups and those with limited land and income suffering the most severely from food insecurity. Households in the Mountains and the Hills zones were more food insecure than in the Terai zone. Climate change impacts were found to have amplified the risks of food insecurity amongst these rural households surviving under a largely subsistence agrarian economy. The results further suggest that the adaptive capacities of smallholder households can be increased by improving agricultural productivity through providing skills and training, better access to markets, extension services, credit and insurance schemes, along with access to climate-smart technologies, micro-irrigation, improved infrastructure, and storage facilities. Support from relevant governmental and non-governmental organizations is needed to help smallholder households, and their communities better manage the risks to their food security.

像亚洲和非洲的其他低收入国家一样，尼泊尔仍然遭受粮食不安全之苦，粮食不安全家庭中有很大一部分是小农，他们依靠雨养农业为生。造成这种情况的因素包括生产不足，资源匮乏，无法获得土地和市场，气候变化，极端事件和潜在的贫困。在这项研究中，我们旨在检查粮食不安全的发生率，原因和对粮食不安全的反应，并评估粮食安全如何随区域差异而变化。我们还探讨了改变气候条件在制造此类逆境中的作用。根据对来自巴格马蒂省三个农业生态区的384个农户进行访谈的结果的分析，我们发现56％的农户经历了粮食不安全状况。在资源贫乏，处境不利的家庭以及土地和收入有限的家庭中，最严重的是粮食不安全状况，其严重程度各不相同。与特莱地区相比，山区和丘陵地区的家庭粮食不安全状况更为严重。人们发现，气候变化的影响已经放大了在很大程度上依靠农业为生的农村家庭中粮食不安全的风险。结果还表明，可以通过提供技能和培训，更好地进入市场，推广服务，信贷和保险计划以及获得气候智能技术，微灌，提高农业生产率来提高小农户的适应能力。改善基础设施和存储设施。