Plastic particles have been described in aquatic ecosystems worldwide. An increasing number of studies have tried to evaluate the toxic impacts of microplastics (1–5000 µm) but also nanoplastics (<1 µm) in marine and freshwater organisms. However, the wide variety of plastic particles characteristics such as various sizes, shapes, functionalization or types of polymer, makes it difficult to evaluate their impact with regular ecotoxicity testing. In this context, cell culture, mainly used in human toxicology, could be a promising tool to evaluate micro- and nanoplastics toxicity with a wide diversity of conditions allowing to generate a large set of data. This review presents the current research on micro and nanoplastics using cell culture of marine and freshwater organisms, describes the limitations of cell culture tool and defines whether this tool can be considered as a relevant alternative strategy for ecotoxic evaluation of micro and nanoplastics especially for future regulatory needs. Articles using specifically cell culture tool from aquatic organisms such as fish or bivalves were identified. The majority evaluated the toxicity of polystyrene nanobeads on immune parameters, oxidative stress or DNA damage in fish cells. Although most of the papers characterized nanoplastic particles into the cell culture media, the relevance of testing conditions is not always clear. The development of cell culture can offer many opportunities for the evaluation of plastic particles’ cellular impacts, but more research is needed to develop relevant culture models, on various aquatic organisms, and with consideration of abiotic parameters especially composition of cell culture media for nanoplastic evaluation.

在全世界的水生生态系统中已经描述了塑料颗粒。越来越多的研究试图评估微塑料（1-5000 µm）以及纳米塑料（<1 µm）对海洋和淡水生物的毒性影响。然而，各种各样的塑料颗粒特性，例如各种尺寸，形状，功能化或聚合物类型，使得很难通过常规的生态毒性测试来评估它们的影响。在这种情况下，主要用于人类毒理学的细胞培养可能是一种有前途的工具，可以在多种条件下评估微塑料和纳米塑料的毒性，从而产生大量数据。这篇评论介绍了目前使用海洋和淡水生物的细胞培养进行的微米和纳米塑料的研究，描述了细胞培养工具的局限性，并定义了该工具是否可以被视为微生物和纳米塑料生态毒性评估的相关替代策略，尤其是针对未来的监管需求。确定了使用专门的细胞培养工具从鱼类或双壳类等水生生物中提取的物品。大多数人评估了聚苯乙烯纳米珠对鱼细胞免疫参数，氧化应激或DNA损伤的毒性。尽管大多数论文将纳米塑料颗粒表征为细胞培养基，但测试条件的相关性并不总是很清楚。细胞培养的发展可以为评估塑料颗粒对细胞的影响提供许多机会，但是还需要更多的研究来开发针对各种水生生物的相关培养模型，